A Blockchain Based Buyer-seller Watermark Protocol with Trustless Third Party

Abstract

Background: With the development and innovation of digital information technologies and new-generation Internet information platforms, new types of information exchange methods have been spawned. It has broken the restriction of the traditional internet boundary, and integrated all round connections between people and objects. Methods: Based on the above progresses, digital multimedia contents distributed or published much more convenient on the internet than before and most of them without any copyright protection. The dishonest owner can easily copy and distribute the digital multimedia content without reducing any perceptual quality. According to the relative concerns, watermark protocol networks play a very important role on usage tracking and copyrights infringement authentication etc. However, most of the watermark protocols always require a “fully trusted third party”, which has a potential risk to suffer conspiracy attack. Results: Therefore, in this paper, we focus on designing a watermark protocol with trustless third party via blockchain for protecting copyrights of owners that they want to publish or distribute on the internet. The proposed watermark protocol includes three sub-protocols which covers the negotiation process, transaction process and identification processes. Conclusion: In addition, this paper also provides a fully detail analysis that describes the benefits and weaknesses of current solution.

Approximation-based homomorphic encryption for secure and efficient blockchain-driven watermarking service

“…− By referring to the singular vector of the original image (SI) and the descaling factor (k), extract the watermark's singular vector (SI") (12).…”

“…− The requester decomposes the tested image using DCT-SVD and encrypts the singular matrix using the authority's public key (PkA) into SAI". − The requester extracts the embedded watermark using (11,12,13) and generate the inverse SVD of it (W"A). − The authority computes watermark similarity and its quality by comparing the extracted watermark.…”

“…Most existing works suffer in terms of transparency [11]- [15]. The ones that offer transparency are limited to the data only, by publishing the required data to the cloud or distributed storage [12], [14]. Therefore, we present transparency for data and arithmetic computation of the watermarking process.…”

Watermarking Protocols: A Short Guide for Beginners

“…Even though the watermarking protocols that do without TTPs appear to be more secure [13,14,17], they are often affected by usability problems. Indeed, the absence of TTPs ends up complicating the participation of buyers in the protocols, forcing buyers to carry out complex actions.…”