“…Therefore, while the establishment of a PGx testing program in the province of Quebec will be challenging, we believe it to be achievable. To address the cost of PGx testing, pre-emptive and panel-based PGx can be deployed to reduce the number of single-gene tests, thus improving cost-effectiveness ( ODonnell et al, 2012 ; Bielinski et al, 2014 ; Van Driest et al, 2014 ; Klein et al, 2017 ; Blagec et al, 2022 ; Hayashi et al, 2022 ; Morris et al, 2022 ; Huang et al, 2023 ; McDermott et al, 2023 ; Swen et al, 2023 ) and with the added benefit of timelessness ( ODonnell et al, 2012 ; Johnson et al, 2013 ; Bielinski et al, 2014 ; Hoffman et al, 2014 ; Rasmussen-Torvik et al, 2014 ; Van Driest et al, 2014 ; Rosenman et al, 2017 ; Van Der Wouden et al, 2017 ; Chumnumwat et al, 2019 ; Duarte et al, 2021 ; Albalwy et al, 2022 ; Hayashi et al, 2022 ; Morris et al, 2022 ; Huang et al, 2023 ; Kabbani et al, 2023 ; McDermott et al, 2023 ; Oni-Orisan et al, 2023 ). Technologies such as NGS available in Quebec at institutions such as Genome Quebec ( Sequencing, 2023 ) can further decrease the cost of panel-based PGx testing to potentially a couple of USD ( Huang et al, 2023 ).…”