A blockchain‐based privacy‐preserving authentication system for ensuring multimedia content integrity

Abstract

With the prevalence of digital cameras, multimedia data have been used to record facts and provide evidence of events. However, the integrity of multimedia data is vulnerable to attacks with the proliferation of data tampering tools. In fact, an effective multimedia content authentication system should support compliant editing (cropping, rotation, compression, and so forth) and have the ability to detect malicious data tampering. Data traceability is a feasible strategy to verify the integrity and provenance of multimedia data. Besides, the privacy of multimedia data needs to be protected to prevent unauthorized access. In this paper, we trace transformations of multimedia data privately by integrating a transparent and immutable blockchain with trusted hardware that provides the capability of private computation. Our system exploits a hybrid storage pattern that separately stores multimedia data off the blockchain and their hashes on the blockchain. With this, our system ensures data integrity and addresses the issue of blockchain's storage capability. Experimental results and analysis show that our solution is efficient and verifiable. A lightweight verifier merely needs to store block headers and is able to validate query results returned by full nodes.

SHA-256 Hardware Proposal for IoT Devices in the Blockchain Context

“…A Merkle tree is a data structure used to summarize and verify the integrity of a large dataset using hash functions [ 49 ]. There are various types of hash algorithms; however, SHA-256 is commonly used, as mentioned in [ 42 , 48 , 50 , 51 ]. Figure 2 illustrates the organization of the tree, with the root hash at the top, the hashes of the nodes immediately below, which receive the hashes of the data or transactions ( , , , , ), are displayed on each branch by the respective hashes ( , , , , and ), and calculated by concatenating them in pairs or singly if the total number of transactions per block is odd.…”

“…A Merkle tree is a data structure used to summarize and verify the integrity of a large dataset using hash functions [49]. There are various types of hash algorithms; however, SHA-256 is commonly used, as mentioned in [42,48,50,51]. Figure 2 illustrates the organization of the tree, with the root hash R = H ABCDE at the top, the hashes of the nodes immediately below, which receive the hashes of the data or transactions (…”

An extensive survey of smart agriculture technologies: Current security posture

“…This is because any unauthorized modification, tampering, or corruption of data can lead to incorrect decisions and impact the overall farming operations. Implementing data validation mechanisms, digital signatures, and secure communication channels can help ensure data integrity [130]- [134]. As explained in [135], smart agriculture systems rely on networks and communication channels for data transmission.…”

Blockchain technology with its application in medical and healthcare systems: A survey

“…In recent years, blockchain potential has been noted in many areas like financial, healthcare, voting, cyber security, multimedia integrity and much more. [140][141][142][143][144][145][146] Blockchain technology emerged with its applications in the financial sector, and now its applications are widely distributed in different healthcare areas, whether managing healthcare data or fighting against drug counterfeiting.…”