A Blockchain-Driven Food Supply Chain Management Using QR Code and XAI-Faster RCNN Architecture

Abstract

The availability of food in a country and the capacity of its citizens to access, acquire, and receive enough food are both referred to as having food security. A crucial component of food security is ensuring and maintaining safe and high-quality goods, which the supply chain process should take into due deliberation. To enhance the food supply chain, organic and wholesome food items should be encouraged. Although packaged goods are evaluated and approved by legal authorities, there is no mechanism in place for testing and assessing the market’s available supply on a regular basis. As a result, food manufacturers are compelled to provide nutritious and healthy products. In this research, we propose an explainable artificial intelligence-based faster regions with convolutional neural networks (XAI-based Faster RCNN) model to evaluate the contents of the food items through user-friendly web-based front-end design and QR code. To validate each communication token in the network, an elliptic curve integrated encrypted scheme (ECIES) based on blockchain technology is utilized. Additionally, artificial rabbit optimization (ARO) is used to register each user and assign him a key. The user will gain a deeper understanding of machine learning (ML) and AI applications using the XAI technique. An EAI-based Faster RCNN model is proposed to help digitize information about food products, rapidly retrieve the information, and discover any hidden information in the quick response (QR) code that could have impacted the safety and quality of the food. The results of the experiments indicated that the proposed method requires less response time than other existing methods with the increase of payload and users. The Shapley additive explanation is used to obtain a legal plea for the laboratory test based on the nutritional information present in the QR code. The benefits provided by ECIES-based blockchain technology assist policymakers, manufacturers, and merchants in efficient decision-making, minimizing public health hazards, and improving welfare. This paper also shows that the accuracy achieved by the proposed method reached 99.53%, with the lowest processing time.

Artificial intelligence in supply chain decision-making: an environmental, social, and governance triggering and technological inhibiting protocol

“…The findings presented in Figure 1 indicate that the agri-food industry is a widely discussed topics among scholars, constituting 30% of the total frequency, followed by manufacturing and healthcare supply chain, accounting for 27% and 15% of selected papers respectively. The obtained result is consistent with the current research and industry development, as the increasing use of AI in the agricultural and food industry is driven by the need for food security (Bhatia and Albarrak, 2023), traceability (Hassoun et al, 2023) and sustainability (Sharma et al, 2022); the use of AI in manufacturing supply chain motivated by circular economy (Bag et al, 2021b); while the necessity for sustainable healthcare services is promoting significant attention towards the implementation of AI (Sood et al, 2022). When outlining research methodologies, the purpose of this section was to present a comprehensive and comparable list of methods.…”

“…The findings presented in Figure 1 indicate that the agri-food industry is a widely discussed topic among scholars, constituting 30% of the total frequency, followed by manufacturing and healthcare supply chain, accounting for 27% and 15% of selected papers, respectively. The findings align with current research and industry trends, as the growing utilization of AI in the agricultural and food industry is propelled by the imperatives of food security (Bhatia and Albarrak, 2023), traceability (Hassoun et al , 2023), and sustainability (Sharma et al , 2022). Similarly, the adoption of AI in manufacturing supply chains is driven by the circular economy agenda (Bag et al , 2021b), while the pursuit of sustainable healthcare services has sparked substantial interest in AI implementation (Sood et al , 2022).…”

A Redactable Blockchain-Based Data Management Scheme for Agricultural Product Traceability

“…In the field of agriculture, researchers are committed to developing or introducing new technologies to enhance the security and reliability of agricultural product supply, including Quick Response (QR) Codes [ 36 ], P-fertilizer supply chain management (PFSCM) [ 37 ], Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) [ 38 ], the Internet of Things (IoT) [ 39 ], and blockchain technology [ 40 ].…”

QR Codes: From a Survey of the State of the Art to Executable eQR Codes for the Internet of Things

“…Description Anti-counterfeiting [10] Implement and improve the quality of an anti-counterfeiting system through the use of QR codes Augmented reality [11] QR codes for the personalization of objects displayed by virtual reality Automatic config. [12] QR codes used to auto-configure Industrial Internet of Things sensor networks Fast reading [13] Mobile application that allows reading densely placed QR codes Identification [14] QR codes and robotic arms to automatically manage books in a library Localization [15] QR codes used to improve the localization of mobile robots [16] Use of QR codes placed in specific points to track the position of a person [17] Use and placement of QR codes to enable navigation in indoor environments Maintainance [18] QR codes are used to perform predictive maintenance and self-calibration of a robotic arm Healthcare [19] Embedding of an ECG signal within a QR code [20] Use of QR codes for authenticating medical images in a blockchain framework context Payment [21] Improving security when QR codes are used for payment [22] How the use of QR codes for mobile payments is perceived by users [23] Use of QR codes to manage E-Wallets Recycling [24] Use of QR codes to manage radioactive waste [25] Combined use of QR codes and blockchains to build a recycling platform Safety [26] Management of construction safety through QR codes Security [27] Embed a secret within the QR code [28] Manage encryption and decryption through watermarking in medical applications [29] A comprehensive study about QR code applications from the point of view of security and privacy Teaching [30] Integration of QR codes in teaching material and in classrooms to improve the quality of education [31] Integrate QR codes and text to improve the learning of English as a foreign language Traceability [32] Use of blockchains, explainable artificial intelligence, and QR codes for food traceability [33] A review on the possibility of embedding information on manufactured parts [34] Use of traceability to track vegetable supply chain Tourism [35] QR codes for exploring mount Etna (volcano) (e.g., printed on posters or stickers, possibly with additional information) is trans...…”