A blood group genetical survey in cook Islanders, Polynesia, and comparisons with American Indians

Simmons, R. T.; Graydon, J. J.; Semple, N. M.; Fry, Edward I.

doi:10.1002/ajpa.1330130409

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“… ABO blood group phenotype frequency spectra in various P olynesian sub‐populations. Reference populations were obtained from Nigg, ; Shapiro, ; Sanger et al ., ; Simmons et al ., ; Simmons & Graydon, ; Staveley & Douglas, , ; Nakajima et al ., ; Lai & Bloom, ; Windhof & Walter, .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches to transfusion medicine in Polynesians and Maori in New Zealand

Edinur

Dunn²,

Lea

et al. 2013

Int J Immunogenetics

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In recent years, with the application of genotyping technology, there has been a substantial increase in the number of reported blood group alleles. This survey was designed to evaluate new molecular blood group genotyping methods and compile reference blood group data sets for Polynesian and Maori subjects. Subsequent analyses of these results were used to calculate probability of random match, to trace Polynesian ancestry and migration patterns and to reveal past and present episodes of genetic admixture. Genomic DNA samples from Maori and Polynesian subjects were drawn from the Victoria University of Wellington DNA Bank and genotyped using combination of commercial PCR-SSP kits, hybridization SNP assay services or sequence-based typing. This survey also involves compilation of serological ABO and Rhesus blood group data from RakaiPaaka Iwi tribal members for comparison with those generated during our molecular blood group study. We observed perfect consistency between results obtained from all molecular methods for blood group genotyping. The A, O, DCcEe, DCCee, MNs, K-k+, Jk(a+b-), Jk(a+b+), Fy(a+b-), Fy(a+b+), Di(a+b-), Co(a+b-) and Do(a-b+) were predominant blood group phenotypes in both Polynesians and Maori. Overall, our survey data show only small differences in distributions of blood group phenotypes between Polynesian and Maori groups and their subgroups. These differences might be associated with selection, population history and gene flow from Europeans. In each case, we estimate that patients with certain blood groups have a very low probability of an exact phenotypic match, even if the patients were randomly transfused with blood from donors of their own ethnicity. The best way to avoid haemolytic transfusion reaction in such cases is to perform a pretransfusion cross-match and recruit increased numbers of donors with rare phenotype profiles. The conclusion of this study is that application of molecular method covering as many known variants as possible may help to improve the accuracy blood group genotyping and potentially conserve the routine requirements of transfusion centres.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches to transfusion medicine in Polynesians and Maori in New Zealand

Edinur

Dunn²,

Lea

et al. 2013

Int J Immunogenetics

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“…· , Simmons et al, (1955 Simmons and Graydon (1957). Having established the broad blood genetic pattern of Polynesians scattered over thousands of miles of ocean in relation to ABO, MNSs, Rh, and other blood group systems, it becomes possible to attempt comparisons in a broad manner with the patterns available for Australian aborigines, the peoples of Melanesia, Micronesia, the aboriginal Ainu of Northern Japan and American Indians of North and South America.…”

Section: ·mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study of the Polynesians has been a pleasant occupation for many individuals of diverse disciplines over the years, and each has added to the fund of knowledge, but many questions concerning the Polynesians remain unanswered. The most recent comparisons of Polynesian blood group gene frequencies with others have been made by Graydon (1951), Mourant (1954), Simmons, Graydon, Semple and Fry (1955) and by Simmons and Graydon (1957)· The author and his associates have attempted over the years to place on record for all time more and more blood group gene frequencies, for more and more of the Pacific peoples, believing that what is unintelligible to us to-day may be perfectly obvious to scientists of future generations. For the purposes of record may I say that we have made some contribution to blood group gene frequency data for Ainu, Japanese, Chinese, Thais, Chenchu of South India, Indonesians, Filipinos, the peoples of Borneo, Celebes, Papua, New Guinea, Netherlands New Guinea, Admiralty, New Britain, New Hebrides, New Caledonia, Loyalty, Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Gilbert, Kapingamarangi, Marshall, Palau, Truk and the Polynesian islands referred to in this paper from the Cook Islands by devious routes to Easter Island.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Blood Group Genes in Polynesians and Comparisons With Other Pacific Peoples

Simmons¹

1962

Oceania

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“…5: ABO blood group phenotype frequency spectra in various Polynesian sub-populations. Reference populations were obtained from Nigg, 1930;Shapiro, 1940;Sanger et al, 1951;Simmons et al, 1955;Simmons and Graydon, 1957;Stavely and Douglas, 1958;Stavely and Douglas, 1959;Nakajima et al, 1971;Lai and Bloom, 1982;Windhof and Walter, 1983.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular approaches to tissue transplantation and transfusion medicine in Maori and Polynesians in New Zealand

Atan¹

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<p>My thesis is focused on using new and existing molecular technologies to survey immune system (i.e. HLA, KIR and MICA), blood group and HPA genes in Polynesian and Maori subjects. I have compiled large datasets for these individuals including first ever molecular typing blood group, HPA and MICA. I have also compared my data with those from previous genetic studies of KIR and HLA for the four Polynesian sub-populations and HLA for Maori. Combined with previous information in a small scale meta-analysis, the results presented here were interpreted for the first time in the light of new theories about the hybrid origin of Proto-Polynesians via gender-biased gene flow between Austronesian-speaking Mongoloids and Papuan-speaking Australoids. Phylogenetic and principal component/coordinate analyses show that Polynesian sub-populations are closer to each other and are end populations of the great Austronesian Diaspora. Estimation based on HLA class I and II allele frequencies show a wide range (55:45 to 90:10) of ASM:P-SA ancestral fractions in Maori and other Polynesians. The same phenomenon was observed for blood group, HPA and KIR data. Thus, findings from the present study generally support the account deduced from Y-chromosome, mtDNA and genome wide SNP data, and are in accord with the emergent picture from linguistics and archaeology studies. The data collected bear more or less directly on questions of health including tissue matching for transfusion and transplant surgery, disease resistance and the relative incidence of autoimmune disease in these ethnic groups. Tissue matching of HLA, MICA, KIR, blood group and HPA is a fundamental element in transfusion and transplant surgery and it is vital that these technologies take accurate account of the ethnic origins of both donors and recipients. This is important due to significant differences between Polynesians and people of European origin, who form the majority segment of the modern day multi-ethnic country of New Zealand. The prevalence of HLA, MICA, KIR, blood group and HPA and their potential influence on the health of modern day Maori and Polynesians were also discussed. This study was intentionally designed to validate new molecular blood group and HPA typing methods in Polynesian and Maori populations. Scores for the other loci are based on the application of pre-existing technologies. Validation using three different blood group and HPA genotyping methods (i.e. PCR-SSP, SBT and SNP assay) gave 100% concordance and thus reflects the accuracy of the new DNA-based methods. Overall, molecular genotyping does seem to offer the opportunity to improve the efficiency of high quality transfusion services, but should include all known variants that are associated with serological expression. In conclusion, the present molecular genetics study has successfully compiled new HLA, MICA, blood groups, HPA and KIR datasets for Polynesians and Maori, used the datasets for dual analyses of ancestry and health, and demonstrated the reliability of current genotyping platforms that would suit well the needs of transfusion and transplantation centres. In general, this thesis has strongly endorsed the indigenous biomedicine approach, and particularly will be valuable to Asia-Pacific populations of Austronesian peoples.</p>

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A blood group genetical survey in cook Islanders, Polynesia, and comparisons with American Indians

Cited by 18 publications

References 22 publications

Molecular approaches to transfusion medicine in Polynesians and Maori in New Zealand

Molecular approaches to transfusion medicine in Polynesians and Maori in New Zealand

Blood Group Genes in Polynesians and Comparisons With Other Pacific Peoples

Molecular approaches to tissue transplantation and transfusion medicine in Maori and Polynesians in New Zealand

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