A Bluetooth-Low-Energy-Based Detection and Warning System for Vulnerable Road Users in the Blind Spot of Vehicles

Abstract

Blind spot road accidents are a frequently occurring problem. Every year, several deaths are caused by this phenomenon, even though a lot of money is invested in raising awareness and in the development of prevention systems. In this paper, a blind spot detection and warning system is proposed, relying on Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) measurements and Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) wireless communication. The received RSSI samples are threshold-filtered, after which a weighted average is computed with a sliding window filter. The technique is validated by simulations and measurements. Finally, the strength of the proposed system is demonstrated with real-life measurements.

Wearable Bluetooth Low Energy Based Miniaturized Detection Node for Blind Spot Detection and Warning System on Vehicles

“…The proposed system from [2] consists of five detection nodes placed alongside a truck with a trailer. A central node is positioned inside the cabin of the truck.…”

“…The detection nodes are continuously advertising the presence of the truck. A vulnerable road user is wearing the wearable, also proposed in [2] and can be seen in Figure 1, and receives all these advertisement packages. Based on the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) values, the possibility of an accident is calculated.…”

“…The main problem lies in the lack of reliable communication between the truck driver and the vulnerable road user. To eliminate or possibly solve this problem, we proposed a blind spot detection and warning system based on Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) in a previous work [2]. In this paper, there will be a closer look at the miniaturization of the detection node, so it can be fitted inside the small lights alongside a truck trailer.…”

“…Both systems will detect vulnerable road users, but suffer from several false positives and true negatives [3], [4]. Besides camera and radar, there are also the systems that use wearables [2], [9]. These utilize an on-body wearable to detect how close they are to a truck.…”

Motorcycle Detection and Collision Warning Using Monocular Images from a Vehicle

“…According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), motorcycle accidents were responsible for approximately 14% of all accident fatalities in the last decade. Numerous studies have been conducted in an attempt to reduce the number of accidents in transportation systems, with a focus on designing advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) that can detect danger and provide warnings to prevent dangerous car accidents using a variety of sensors [1][2][3][4]. Although active sensors are effective for safe driving [5,6], they remain expensive, often costing as much as the vehicle itself [1], and can be easily damaged in small collisions.…”