A BMSCs‐laden quercetin/duck's feet collagen/hydroxyapatite sponge for enhanced bone regeneration

Abstract

Treating critical-sized bone defects is an important issue in the field of tissue engineering and bone regeneration. From the various biomaterials for bone regeneration, collagen is an important and widely used biomaterial in biomedical applications, hence, it has numerous attractive properties including biocompatibility, hyper elastic behavior, prominent mechanical properties, support cell adhesion, proliferation, and biodegradability. In the present study, collagen was extracted from duck's feet (DC) as a new collagen source and combined with quercetin (Qtn), a type of flavonoids found in apple and onions and has been reported to affect the bone metabolism, for increasing osteogenic differentiation. Further, improving osteoconductive properties of the scaffold hydroxyapatite (HAp) a biodegradable material was used.We prepared 0, 25, 50, and 100 μM Qtn/DC/HAp sponges using Qtn, DC, and HAp. Their physiochemical characteristics were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, compressive strength, porosity, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. To assess the effect of Qtn on osteogenic differentiation, we cultured bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells on the sponges and evaluated by alkaline phosphatase, 3-4-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide assay, and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Additionally, they were studied implanting in rat, analyzed through Micro-CT and histological staining. From our in vitro and in vivo results, we found that Qtn has an effect on bone regeneration. Among the different experimental groups, 25 μM Qtn/DC/HAp sponge was found to be highly increased in cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation compared with other groups. Therefore, 25 μM Qtn/DC/HAp sponge can be used as an alternative biomaterial for bone regeneration in critical situations. K E Y W O R D S bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, bone regeneration, duck's feet collagen, hydroxyapatite, quercetin

Quercetin as an Agent for Protecting the Bone: A Review of the Current Evidence

“…A subsequent study explored the effects of quercetin/duck's foot collagen/hydroxyapatite sponge on calvarial bone defects. Similar outcomes were found, with increased BMD, BV and new bone formation 8 weeks after surgery [48]. In another study, parietal bone defects in New Zealand rabbits were grafted with quercetin solution mixed with collagen matrix for 14 days and bone histological assessment was performed to quantify new bone formation.…”

“…Biodegradable poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-based microspheres loaded with 1 µg/mL quercetin raised ALP, COL1 and Runx-2 expression in stem-cell spheroids cultured in osteogenic medium [72]. Song and co-authors found that two types of three-dimensional bone scaffold (quercetin/silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite scaffold and quercetin/duck's foot collagen/hydroxyapatite sponge) enhanced osteogenesis, determined by increases in MSCs' growth and proliferation, ALP, COL1, osteocalcin and Runx-2 [47,48]. Tripathi et al (2015) seeded murine MC3T3-E1 cells onto calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite scaffolds with quercetin and found elevations of osteoblast number, ALP, Runx-2, COL1, BSP, osteocalcin and calcium mineralisation [68].…”

“…It is noteworthy that higher doses of quercetin exerted either suppressive or lessened activity on the expression of osteoblast-specific genes, osteoblast growth and mineralisation in some of the in vitro studies included [34,47,48,[63][64][65]74,76,90,92,93]. The bioactivity of quercetin might depend on the type and position of the sugar attachments of the flavonoid [55].…”

Hydroxyapatite based biocomposite scaffold: A highly biocompatible material for bone regeneration

“…100 µl reagents have finally been carefully distributed to 96- well plates. The optics densities were tested with a microplate reader at 570 nm ( Song et al, 2019 ).…”

Study of accumulation behaviour of tungsten based composite using electron probe micro analyser for the application in bone tissue engineering

“…When it is appraised about medical devices, medication equipments, and cutting tools etc, tungsten has found its place in our daily lives. However, with the view of many unique properties and advantages, there are some limitations have also been imposed with regard to vulnerability of air sourced tungsten dust to safeguard mine workers and the persons involved in processing of metals ( Song et al, 2019 ). There are very few agencies, which also set limits on water-soluble compounds where tungsten was the essential element to address the broader section of the community at the risk of exposure.…”