A bovine model of a respiratory<i>Parachlamydia acanthamoebae</i>infection

Lohr, Markus; Prohl, Annette; Ostermann, Carola; Liebler-Tenorio, Elisabeth M.; Schroedl, Wieland; Aeby, Sébastien; Greub, Gilbert; Reinhold, Petra

doi:10.1111/2049-632x.12201

Cited by 30 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Of all analyzed local markers in the BALF supernatant of Chlamydia psittaci infected calves, the most significant changes were seen for LBP, which was markedly increased in animals 4 dpi. This correlates with our experience, that LBP in the blood of calves is a very reliable acute phase marker in respiratory disease [ 30 , 27 , 31 , 45 ]. Increased LBP-levels have been reported in the BALF of pigs after viral infection [ 18 , 46 ] and it was shown in vitro that pneumocytes of type II are capable of producing LBP [ 22 ], all supporting the hypothesis, that LBP can be produced in the lung as a local reaction to the inoculation with C. psittaci .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…To address this, it is necessary to determine APP concentrations not only in blood, but also in BALF. From former studies in a bovine model of respiratory infection with Chlamydia (C.) psittaci and Parachlamydia (P.) acanthamoebae we knew that serum levels of some APPs increase after inoculation with these pathogens [ 27 – 34 ]. Prior to this study, data of LBP, Hp, lactoferrin (Lf), and CRP levels in blood of animals enrolled in former studies with the above mentioned model were summarized and are presented in Table 1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute phase proteins as local biomarkers of respiratory infection in calves

et al. 2015

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BackgroundCumulating reports suggest that acute phase proteins (APPs) do not only play a role as systemic inflammatory mediators, but are also expressed in different tissues as local reaction to inflammatory stimuli. The present study aimed to evaluate presence and changes in luminal lung concentrations of the APPs haptoglobin (Hp), lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactoferrin (Lf) in calves with an acute respiratory disease experimentally induced by Chlamydia (C.) psittaci.ResultsIntra-bronchial inoculation of the pathogen resulted in a consistent respiratory illness. In venous blood of the infected calves (n = 13), concentrations of plasma proteins and serum LBP were assessed (i) before exposure and (ii) 8 times within 14 days after inoculation (dpi). Increasing clinical illness correlated significantly with increasing LBP—and decreasing albumin concentrations in blood, both verifying a systemic acute phase response.Broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was obtained from all 13 calves experimentally infected with C. psittaci at 4, 9 and 14 dpi, and from 6 uninfected healthy calves. Concentrations of bovine serum albumin (BSA), Hp, LBP, CRP and Lf in BALF were determined by ELISA. In infected animals, absolute concentrations of LBP and Hp in BALF correlated significantly with the respiratory score. The quotient [LBP]/[BSA] in BALF peaked significantly in acutely infected animals (4 dpi), showed a time-dependent decrease during the recovery phase (9-14 dpi), and was significantly higher compared to healthy controls. Concentrations of Hp and Lf in BALF as well as [Hp]/[BSA]—and [Lf]/[BSA]-quotients decreased during the study in infected animals, but were never higher than in healthy controls. CRP concentrations and [CRP]/[BSA]-quotient did not express significant differences between infected and healthy animals or during the course of infection.ConclusionIn conclusion, absolute concentrations of LBP in blood and BALF as well as the quotient [LBP]/[BSA] in BALF perfectly paralleled the clinical course of respiratory illness after infection. Beside LBP, the suitability of Hp and Lf as local biomarkers of respiratory infections in cattle and their role in the local response to pathogens is worth further investigation, while CRP does not seem to play a role in local defense mechanisms of the bovine lung.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute phase proteins as local biomarkers of respiratory infection in calves

et al. 2015

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“…Molecular and sero‐ epidemiological surveys have detected CRBs in association with respiratory disease in humans (Kahane et al ., ; Friedman et al ., ) and livestock (Wheelhouse et al ., ) and reproductive disease in both humans and animals (Borel et al ., ; Baud et al ., ; Barkallah et al ., ). Further, murine respiratory disease models have recently been established for Waddlia chondrophila (Pilloux et al ., ) and Parachlamydia acanthamoebae (Casson et al ., ), as has a bovine model of P. acanthamoebae respiratory disease (Lohr et al ., ) and a murine model of W. chondrophila genital infection (Vasilevsky et al ., ), confirming Koch's postulates for these causative agents of disease. Questions nevertheless remain about whether these organisms are truly pathogens of their varied host species.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Culture‐independent genomics of a novel chlamydial pathogen of fish provides new insight into host‐specific adaptations utilized by these intracellular bacteria

Taylor-Brown

Pillonel

Bridle

et al. 2017

Environmental Microbiology

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Several Chlamydiales families are associated with epitheliocystis, a common condition of the fish gill epithelium. These families share common ancestors with the Chlamydiaceae and environmental Chlamydiae. Due to the lack of culture systems, little is known about the biology of these chlamydial fish pathogens. We investigated epitheliocystis in cultured Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) from North Queensland, Australia. Basophilic inclusions were present in the gills of 22/31 fish and the presence of the chlamydial pathogen in the cysts was confirmed by in situ hybridization. Giant grouper (Epinephelus lanceolatus) cultured in the same systems were epitheliocystis free. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed a novel member of the Candidatus Parilichlamydiaceae: Ca. Similichlamydia epinephelii. Using metagenomic approaches, we obtained an estimated 68% of the chlamydial genome, revealing that this novel chlamydial pathogen shares a number of key pathogenic hallmarks with the Chlamydiaceae, including an intact Type III Secretion system and several chlamydial virulence factors. This provides additional evidence that these pathogenic mechanisms were acquired early in the evolution of this unique bacterial phylum. The identification and genomic characterization of Ca. S. epinephelii provides new opportunities to study the biology of distantly-related chlamydial pathogens while shining a new light on the evolution of pathogenicity of the Chlamydiaceae.

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“…such as C . psittaci (Lohr et al, 2015, 2016). However, although the prevalence of these organisms seems to suggest endemicity or in the absence of clinical disease potentially a commensal role, the source of infection has largely remained conjecture.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Parachlamydiaceae DNA in nasal and rectal passages of healthy dairy cattle

Wheelhouse

Hearn

Livingstone

et al. 2022

Journal of Applied Microbiology

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Aims:The order Chlamydiales comprises a broad range of bacterial pathogens and endosymbionts, which infect a wide variety of host species. Within this order, members of the family Parachlamydiaceae, which includes Parachlamydia and Neochlamydia species, have been particularly associated with infections in both humans and cattle, including having a potential pathogenic role in cases of bovine abortion. While the route of transmission has yet to be defined, it has been hypothesised that asymptomatic carriage and contamination of the immediate environment may be a route of inter-animal transmission. We investigated the asymptomatic carriage of Chlamydia-related organisms in healthy cattle. Methods& Results: DNA was isolated from nasal and rectal swabs obtained from 38 healthy dairy heifers. A Chlamydiales sp. 16S rRNA qPCR was performed on each sample. A total of 18/38 nasal samples and all 38/38 rectal samples were identified as positive for Chlamydiales sp. Each positive sample was sequenced confirming the presence of DNA belonging to the Parachlamydiaceae. Conclusions:The presence of Parachlamydiaceae DNA in nasal and rectal swab samples of healthy cattle provides evidence for the asymptomatic carriage of parachlamydial organisms within cattle. Significance & Impact of the Study:The study provides evidence of potential routes of environmental contamination that could provide a route for inter-animal and animal transmission of Parachlamydiaceae.

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A bovine model of a respiratoryParachlamydia acanthamoebaeinfection

Cited by 30 publications

References 45 publications

Acute phase proteins as local biomarkers of respiratory infection in calves

Acute phase proteins as local biomarkers of respiratory infection in calves

Culture‐independent genomics of a novel chlamydial pathogen of fish provides new insight into host‐specific adaptations utilized by these intracellular bacteria

Identification of Parachlamydiaceae DNA in nasal and rectal passages of healthy dairy cattle

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