A Box-Behnken design for optimization of ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of hazelnut oil

2019

J Food Process Preserv

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In this study, ethanol was used as a polar solvent to extract hazelnut oil, with ultrasound aid in the first 15 min of extraction. A Box–Behnken design was used for optimization in term of ultrasound amplitude (30%, 60%, and 90%), extraction temperature (28, 38, and 48°C), and extraction time (30, 60, and 90 min). All three factors showed positive effects on the oil extraction. The results showed that the oil yield and quality of extracted oil were significantly affected by the application of ultrasound. Ultrasound treatment had increased the oil yield from 38.93% up to 79.88%. The optimum conditions were identified at 90% of ultrasound amplitude, 29°C of extraction temperature, and 51 min of extraction time. Under these conditions, the predicted maximum oil yield was 55.39% with the minimum FFA value, iodine value and peroxide value of 1.75%, 14.52 g/100 g, and 10.50 meq g O2/kg, respectively. Practical applications Plant oil has become the first choice for edible oil due to large percentage of unsaturated fatty acid, which has been reported that it could help to reduce the bad cholesterol in human body. Hexane is the solvent that commonly used in solvent extraction stage but it is highly volatile and might cause safety issue for extraction plant. Therefore, this study aims to use ethanol to replace hexane. This research introduces the optimized ultrasound‐assisted ethanol solvent extraction process to the manufacturer. Ultrasound could enhance the oil yield which can produce low‐cost hazelnut oil to the consumer.

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of ultrasound‐assisted ethanol extraction of hazelnut oil

Wong

2019

J Food Process Preserv

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“…Furthermore, research had proved that independent parameters such as ultrasound amplitude, solvent to sample ratio and extraction temperature could affect the oil yield obtained in UAE. [ 4 ] Table 6 shows some applications of ultrasound in the extraction of various compounds from vegetables and fruits. [ 73 ] However, the design data for the application of ultrasound in industry scale is still limited up to date.…”

Section: Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (Uae)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, the oil can be extracted through cold pressing, hot pressing, or solvent extraction methods where the pressing is a mechanical method while solvent extraction is a chemical method. [2][3][4] Each of the methods has its own benefits and disadvantages. With the emergence of technology over time, the traditional extraction method has been improved in order to enhance the oil yield or obtain high quality of final oil products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review on Extraction Techniques and Its Future Applications in Industry

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

Yeap

et al. 2021

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Extraction is a mandatory process for most of the industries, especially in the food processing industry to obtain the targeted compounds from various sources such as plant or seed samples. This review paper provides information about various extraction techniques that are normally used in the edible oil extraction industry. Five extraction techniques are presented in this paper. Among all the techniques presented in this paper, pressing and solvent extraction methods are considered as traditional techniques while supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extractions are considered as advanced techniques. Both advantages and disadvantages of supercritical fluid extraction, microwave assisted and ultrasound assisted extractions are discussed. Furthermore, the parameters that would affect the output of each technique are included in each section. Nowadays, research is going on to further enhance the extraction method to obtain a higher extraction yield or increase the quality of the extraction product. The enhancement can be either combining two or more extraction techniques into one complete process or modifying the available technique alone. Therefore, the theoretical knowledge provided in this review will be useful for future researchers who are interested in enhancing the extraction techniques. Practical Applications: Extraction is a mandatory process in edible oil extraction industry. Extraction industry is always looking for a process which is high efficiency and low extraction cost. Therefore, various advanced techniques or treatments are applied to optimize the oil yield and shorten the extraction time. This paper provides a review on various techniques by summarizing both advantages and disadvantages of each technique. The information can be very useful for improving the current extraction technique to further optimize the oil yield or enhance the quality of oil.

“…Recently, ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction has widely been used in oil extraction due to some advantages compared with other techniques. Those advantages include lower residual oil in defatted cake and shorter extraction time (Geow et al 2018). Various types of solvent such as hexane, petroleum ether, and ethanol can be used to extract the edible oil from nut or seed sample (Scharlack et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there is limited information on the study of kinetic mechanism of hazelnut oil extracted using hexane. In Geow et al (2018), the study on extraction without osmotic dehydration as pretreatment has been conducted. In this study, osmotic dehydration is applied as pretreatment in ultrasound-assisted solvent extraction of hazelnut oil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic Mechanism of Hazelnut Oil Extraction with Ultrasound-Assisted Osmotic Dehydration Pretreatment

Food Bioprocess Technol

Yeap

et al. 2020

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Nowadays, most of the researches focus on enhancing the oil yield by adjusting the various process parameters or searching for alternative techniques. There is only limited information on investigating the effects of various extraction parameters on kinetic mechanism during oil extraction. The mechanism data can provide additional information to the industry when optimization is needed. Previous work had investigated the effect of ultrasound in extraction process. The main purposes of this study are to apply osmotic dehydration as pretreatment and to investigate the effects of ultrasound amplitude, concentration of osmotic dehydration, and dehydration time on extraction mechanism of hazelnut oil. The kinetic modeling showed that So and Macdonald model was more suitable to describe the mechanism of hazelnut oil extraction with higher R 2 values ranged from 0.944 to 0.987 as compared with Perez et al. model. The results showed that applying 30% ultrasound amplitude in dehydration stage could increase the mass transfer coefficient for diffusion step (k d ) from 0.019 to 0.044 min −1 due to cavitation effect. Besides, 15% concentration of osmotic solution could limit the diffusion step with lowest k d value of 0.055 min −1 as compared with 5 and 10% concentrations due to blocking of surface by solute in higher concentration of osmotic solution. Lastly, increasing the dehydration time from 45 to 150 min could enhance the oil diffusion process with k d values increased from 0.058 to 0.075 min −1 due to lower moisture content in sample.