“A Boy Would Be Friends With Boys … and a Girl … With Girls”: Gender Norms in Early Adolescent Friendships in Egypt and Belgium

Al-Attar, Ghada; Meyer, Sara De; El-Gibaly, Omaima; Michielsen, Kristien; Animosa, Lydia Honesty; Mmari, Kristin

doi:10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.03.013

Cited by 14 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…First, research points to the existence of stereotypical gender norms in Ecuador and their negative consequences for adolescent sexual and reproductive health, such as unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence and a lack of focus on female sexual pleasure Goicolea 2010;Goicolea et al 2010;. Research in Belgium indicates that stereotypical gender norms are also present in Flanders, but are not so widely accepted as in other non-European countries (Al-Attar et al 2017;Mmari et al 2018). The difference in cultural embeddedness of these kind of norms is reflected in the two countries' Gender Inequality Index rankings: with position Belgium (4th) and Ecuador (86th), indicating greater disparity between women and men in Ecuador than in Belgium (UNDP 2020).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factors contribute to sexual well-being? A comparative study among 17 to 20 year old boys and girls in Belgium and Ecuador

Meyer

Jerves

Cevallos-Neira

et al. 2021

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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Despite recognition that sexual well-being is an important part of adolescent sexual and reproductive health, a clear description of adolescent sexual well-being does not yet exist. Through six in-depth interviews and four focus group discussions with 56 young people in two distinct contexts (Belgium and Ecuador), we used the socialecological framework to identify factors influencing adolescent sexual well-being. According to respondents, the main factors that influence adolescent sexual well-being are not only situated at the individual (having knowledge and skills and being physically, sexually and mental mature and healthy) and interpersonal levels (positive attraction towards others and communication about sexuality), but at a broader societal level, including social acceptance of sex, gender and sexual diversity and its (legal) translation into comprehensive sexuality education and the ready availability of contraceptives. Our results go well beyond two existing definitions of (adolescent) sexual wellbeing to contribute to understanding and measurement from the perspective of young people themselves, adding substantively to ongoing discussion about the definition of the concept.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which factors contribute to sexual well-being? A comparative study among 17 to 20 year old boys and girls in Belgium and Ecuador

Meyer

Jerves

Cevallos-Neira

et al. 2021

Culture, Health & Sexuality

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“…Same-sex friendships aid in personal development by providing individuals a sense of self-validation (Sullivan, 2013). Both genders reported that they seek same-sex friendships because of similarities (Al-Attar et al, 2017) and the ability to be "in sync" (Ciarrochi et al, 2016). Friends who share similarities in gender have more permanent (Hartl et al, 2015) and supportive friendships (Nielson et al, 2020).…”

Section: Same-sex and Opposite-sex Friendshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Given that same-sex friendships contribute to an individual's sense of self-validation (Sullivan, 2013), it is not surprising that same-sex friendships may buffer more against the negative effects of RS. Also, the shared similarities (Al-Attar et al, 2017), synchronicity (Ciarrochi et al, 2016), and stability (Hartl et al, 2015) of samesex friendship seem to play a more effective role for individuals with HRS who crave secure feelings in their relationships. In this study, combined friendship quality was helpful for those lower in RS.…”

Section: The Role Of Friendship Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Rejection sensitivity and mental well‐being: The positive role of friendship quality

Efeoglu

Sen

2021

Personal Relationships

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Previous research shows a link between rejection sensitivity (RS) and various psychological disorders; however, its relation to the positive psychological construct of mental well-being remains unstudied. This study investigates the relationship between RS and mental well-being while taking the role of friendship quality into consideration for 323 emerging adults using decision tree analysis. In training (R 2 = .29) and test trees (R 2 = .18), RS had the strongest relationship with mental well-being where those higher in RS had lower mental well-being scores. For those lower in RS, higher combined (same-sex and opposite-sex) friendship qual-

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“…It may be that age is a factor in the development of friendships. Research on schooling suggests that some student cultures can make it challenging for boys and girls to identify as friends (Al-Attar et al, 2017; Hey, 1997). Young people aged 10–12 have been shown to experience a ‘hetero-relationship culture’ that can make friendship almost impossible (Renold, 2013).…”

Section: Mixed Gender Sportmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘It’s not like she’s from another planet’: Undoing gender/redoing policy in mixed football

Hills

Maitland²,

Croston

et al. 2020

International Review for the Sociology of Sport

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Competitive sport is often a gender-segregated activity underpinned by binary thinking that associates sporting talent with masculinity. In response to political, internal and grassroots activism, the English Football Association conducted a series of pilots to ascertain whether they should raise the age limit for competitive mixed football from Under-11 to Under-14. This paper presents an analysis of these trials using the concepts of accountability, doing and undoing gender to explore participants’ support for policy change, and the ways that normative notions of gender were negotiated, reproduced and disrupted during the trials. Typical rationale for segregating sports which constitute gender accountability frameworks such as physical differences between boys and girls, perceived differences in ability, and concerns about risk of injury for girls were undone as girls demonstrated they could make the team, enjoy the experience and develop their skills in a safe environment. Key arguments in favour of mixed football included the benefit to female players, the importance of friendships between boys and girls, and the similarities in boys’ and girls’ footballing skills. Support for mixed football and policy change reflected participants’ expectations that girls should be assessed on their capacity to play football and ‘fit in’ rather than expectations of gender difference. This article contributes to the limited research on mixed competitive youth sport and provides unique insights into gender-based policy change.

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“A Boy Would Be Friends With Boys … and a Girl … With Girls”: Gender Norms in Early Adolescent Friendships in Egypt and Belgium

Cited by 14 publications

References 33 publications

Which factors contribute to sexual well-being? A comparative study among 17 to 20 year old boys and girls in Belgium and Ecuador

Which factors contribute to sexual well-being? A comparative study among 17 to 20 year old boys and girls in Belgium and Ecuador

Rejection sensitivity and mental well‐being: The positive role of friendship quality

‘It’s not like she’s from another planet’: Undoing gender/redoing policy in mixed football

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