A brain atlas of Godzilliognomus frondosus Yager, 1989 (Remipedia, Godzilliidae) and comparison with the brain of Speleonectes tulumensis Yager, 1987 (Remipedia, Speleonectidae): implications for arthropod relationships

Fanenbruck, Martin; Harzsch, Steffen

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2005.01.007

Cited by 69 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…If the neurological organization of fuxianhuiids reflects an ancestral condition as suggested by their phylogenetic position, it would support the symplesiomorphic nature of a malacostracan-like brain for Pancrustacea/Tetraconata (6,8) and also imply an independent increase in VNC complexity among extant crustacean lineages. However, the lack of consensus pertaining to the phylogenetic placement of Branchiopoda, Remipedia, and Malacostraca relative to Hexapoda based on molecular and neuromophological data (5)(6)(7)27) complicates deciding between these hypotheses based on the available paleoneurological information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda

Yang

Ortega‐Hernández

Butterfield

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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Panarthropods are typified by disparate grades of neurological organization reflecting a complex evolutionary history. The fossil record offers a unique opportunity to reconstruct early character evolution of the nervous system via exceptional preservation in extinct representatives. Here we describe the neurological architecture of the ventral nerve cord (VNC) in the upper-stem group euarthropod Chengjiangocaris kunmingensis from the early Cambrian Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte (South China). The VNC of C. kunmingensis comprises a homonymous series of condensed ganglia that extend throughout the body, each associated with a pair of biramous limbs. Submillimetric preservation reveals numerous segmental and intersegmental nerve roots emerging from both sides of the VNC, which correspond topologically to the peripheral nerves of extant Priapulida and Onychophora. The fuxianhuiid VNC indicates that ancestral neurological features of Ecdysozoa persisted into derived members of stem-group Euarthropoda but were later lost in crown-group representatives. These findings illuminate the VNC ground pattern in Panarthropoda and suggest the independent secondary loss of cycloneuralian-like neurological characters in Tardigrada and Euarthropoda.stem-group Euarthropoda | Onychophora | phylogeny | Cambrian Explosion | Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte T he nervous system represents a critical source of phylogenetic information and has been used extensively for exploring the evolutionary relationships of extant Panarthropoda (i.e., Onychophora, Tardigrada, Euarthropoda) (1-7). Identification of fossilized nervous tissues has provided a unique perspective on early euarthropod brain neuroanatomy and suggests that broad patterns of extant neurological diversity were already in place by the Cambrian (8-11). The ventral nerve cord (VNC) reflects fundamental aspects of panarthropod body organization that complement the organization of the brain and together illuminate the evolution of the CNS (1-3, 5, 7, 12-16). The early evolutionary history of the panarthropod postcephalic CNS, however, remains obscure due to the exclusive preservation of brains in most available fossils (8,10,11). Moreover, the unresolved phylogenetic relationships within Panarthropoda complicate accurate reconstruction of the CNS ground pattern (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). In this study, we demonstrate the exceptional preservation of postcephalic neurological features in the early Cambrian fuxianhuiid Chengjiangocaris kunmingensis, an upper stem-group euarthropod (17) from the Xiaoshiba Lagerstätte, South China (23). These fossils clarify the neurological organization of the VNC in early euarthropod ancestors, thereby polarizing the evolution of the panarthropod CNS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda

Yang

Ortega‐Hernández

Butterfield

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

142

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“…Neuromorphological analyses have led to the recognition that ommatidial development (Melzer et al 2000) and brain anatomy (Strausfeld 1998(Strausfeld , 2005 unite the insects and crustaceans and that arrangements of cerebral neuropils show the Remipedia to be phylogenetically closer to the malacostracans and hexapods than to basal crustaceans (Fanenbruck & Harzsch 2005). In the early 1900s, it was already recognized that the organization of the arthropod visual system and central brain was so highly conserved within different arthropod groups that these features could be used to suggest phylogenetic associations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arthropod phylogeny: onychophoran brain organization suggests an archaic relationship with a chelicerate stem lineage

et al. 2006

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Neuroanatomical studies have demonstrated that the architecture and organization among neuropils are highly conserved within any order of arthropods. The shapes of nerve cells and their neuropilar arrangements provide robust characters for phylogenetic analyses. Such analyses so far have agreed with molecular phylogenies in demonstrating that entomostracansCmalacostracans belong to a clade (Tetraconata) that includes the hexapods. However, relationships among what are considered to be paraphyletic groups or among the stem arthropods have not yet been satisfactorily resolved. The present parsimony analyses of independent neuroarchitectural characters from 27 arthropods and lobopods demonstrate relationships that are congruent with phylogenies derived from molecular studies, except for the status of the Onychophora. The present account describes the brain of the onychophoran Euperipatoides rowelli, demonstrating that the structure and arrangements of its neurons, cerebral neuropils and sensory centres are distinct from arrangements in the brains of mandibulates. Neuroanatomical evidence suggests that the organization of the onychophoran brain is similar to that of the brains of chelicerates.

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“…5A, D; Strausfeld 1976). The brain therefore provides a wealth of morphological features that can be analysed on a different level than the architecture of single individually identifiable neurons as described above, and the information obtained from analysing brain design is an important supplement for the phylogenetic data obtained from the ventral nerve cord (reviews Strausfeld et al 1995, Strausfeld 1998, Harzsch 2004a, Fanenbruck and Harzsch 2005, Harzsch 2006. Recent examples for neuroanatomical studies with a phylogenetic motivation have focused on the brain layout in Onychophora (Eriksson and Budd 2000, Eriksson et al 2003, Strausfeld et al 2006a, Tardigrada (Dewel and Dewel 1996, Dewel et al 1999), Chelicerata (Breidbach and Wegerhoff 1993, Mittmann and Scholtz 2003, Harzsch et al 2005b, and remipede crustaceans ( Fig.…”

Section: Neurophylogeny: the Role Of The Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the field of neurophylogeny, developmental aspects such as the proliferation of neuronal stem cells (reviews Harzsch 2003a, Whitington 2004, Harzsch et al 2005, Stollewerk and Simpson 2005, Harzsch 2006 and early axogenesis (Whitington 1996, Whitington and Bacon 1997, Gerberding and Scholtz 1999, Vilpoux et al 2006) are important topics and have been explored against a phylogenetic background. Several recent reports on neurogenesis in less-well studied arthropod taxa now make it possible to compare these aspects across the Arthropoda in order to get an idea of the evolution of neurogenic mechanisms in this group.…”

Section: The Developmental Criterion In Neurophylogenymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Phylogenetisches Symposium Göttingen

Willmann¹,

Ökologie²

2008

Species, Phylogeny and Evolution - SPE

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Harzsch, S. The architecture of the nervous system provides important characters for phylogenetic reconbstructions: Examples from the Arthropoda 33Mayr, G. The contribution of fossils to the reconstruction of the higher-level phylogeny of birds 59Schneider, H. Plant morphology as the cornerstone to the integration of fossil and extant taxa in phylogenetic systematics 65 Die beiden ersten Beiträge von Tautz und Sudhaus nehmen eine Sonderstellung ein. Sie behandeln das Thema sehr umfassend und allgemein. Sie werfen die Frage nach dem Stellenwert und der Berechtigung morphologischer Forschung im phylogenetischen Rahmen auf. Sie fallen auch dadurch auf, dass sie nicht nur auf Deutsch gehalten wurden, sondern auch in dieser Sprache niedergeschrieben wurden. Selbstverständlich publiziert man heute auf Englisch, will man international wahrgenommen werden. Aber es muss auch möglich sein, wichtige Gedankengänge und Positionen in der Sprache auszudrücken, die man in ihren Feinheiten beherrscht und die möglicherweise auch andere außerhalb des wissenschaftlichen Zirkels erreicht.Diethard Tautz (Köln) referierte einleitend über das Thema "Morphologie versus DNA-Sequenzen in der Phylogenie-Rekonstruktion". Es war eine glückliche Wahl, Tautz als Redner vorzusehen. Er kommt von der Entwicklungsbiologie her und hat mit einigen Artikeln zur Molekularsystematik der Arthropoden Furore gemacht. Wie man besonders aus seinem bekannten Artikel in "Nature" (Friedrich & Tautz 1995) ersehen kann, hat er dabei die morphologischen Merkmale und Argumente und die möglichen Konflikte mit den molekularen Stammbäumen klar vor Augen. Tautz ist zur Zeit Präsident der Deutschen Zoologischen Gesellschaft (DZG) und war bis vor 4 kurzem Sprecher des DFG-Schwerpunkts "Evolution entwicklungsbiologischer Prozesse". Er kennt also die Strömungen in der Wissenschaftspolitik genau und weiß um die Geringschätzung der phylogenetisch orientierten Morphologie durch viele seiner Kollegen.In dem Vortrag wurden mehrere Thesen aufgestellt und sehr klar (und manchmal bewusst überspitzt) herausgearbeitet. Man hatte oft das Gefühl, dass bei den Zuhörern Kopfnicken und Stirnerunzeln abwechselten. Morphologen unterstellen den Molekularsystematikern leicht -ob zu Recht oder Unrecht sei dahingestellt -, dass sie, ähnlich wie manche Pattern-Cladisten, vielleicht nicht einmal Artbildung und Evolution als Grundvoraussetzung für ihre formalen Diagramme ansehen und dass sie ihre ständig wechselnden "Trees" eher als Spielmaterial, nicht als ein Ringen um die beste Annäherung an das wirkliche historische Geschehen betrachten. Da ist es eine große Erleichterung, aus berufenem Munde so klare und unzweideutige Aussagen zu hören wie: Es hat nur eine evolutionäre Historie gegeben, oder: Die Phylogenierekonstruktion ist eine zentrale Aufgabe der Evolutionsbiologie, oder: Es gibt keine hypothesenfreie Phylogenierekonstruktion.Ein wichtiges Anliegen des Vortrags war die These, dass es für die Herausbildung morphologischer und molekularer Merkmale, ihre Übereinstimmungen wie ihre Untersc...

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A brain atlas of Godzilliognomus frondosus Yager, 1989 (Remipedia, Godzilliidae) and comparison with the brain of Speleonectes tulumensis Yager, 1987 (Remipedia, Speleonectidae): implications for arthropod relationships

Cited by 69 publications

References 112 publications

Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda

Fuxianhuiid ventral nerve cord and early nervous system evolution in Panarthropoda

Arthropod phylogeny: onychophoran brain organization suggests an archaic relationship with a chelicerate stem lineage

Phylogenetisches Symposium Göttingen

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