A brain gain with a brain drain

Stark, Oded; Helmenstein, Christian; Prskawetz, Alexia

doi:10.1016/s0165-1765(97)00085-2

Cited by 517 publications

(313 citation statements)

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“…Building on the idea that any depletion of a country's stock of human capital is detrimental to its current and future economic performance, it is unsurprising that the first models to address the issue of the brain drain in an endogenous growth framework all emphasized its negative effects (e.g., Miyagiwa, 1991, Haque andKim, 1995). By contrast, a series of recent studies have tried to promote the simple idea that one should also look at how a given stock of human capital is built up (Mountford, 1997, Stark et al, 1997, Vidal, 1998, Beine et al, 2001. In particular, it is likely that in the presence of huge inter-country wage differentials, as is the case between developing and developed countries, migration prospects may foster domestic enrollment in education in the developing country and hence increase its stock of human capital even after netting out emigration.…”

Section: Conventional Versus New Economic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality

Kanbur¹,

Rapoport²

2005

Journal of Economic Geography

151

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1The basic neoclassical model of migration suggests that migration is induced by real income differentials across locations and will, ceteris paribus, serve to reduce those differentials. And yet there is evidence on growing spatial inequality despite increased migration from poorer to richer areas. At a theoretical level, one route to addressing this potential inconsistency is to introduce agglomeration effects into the standard neoclassical setup. This paper explores an alternative route, based on a theoretical and empirical proposition of the migration literature, namely, that migration is a selective process. Focusing on skilled migration, the paper demonstrates the different forces in play that make selective migration a force for both divergence and convergence, and characterizes where each set of forces dominates. Finally, it explores the consequences for convergence of combining both migration selectivity and agglomeration effects arising from migrant networks.

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Section: Conventional Versus New Economic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality

Kanbur¹,

Rapoport²

2005

Journal of Economic Geography

151

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“…This a¤ects even those workers who never plan to migrate due to high migration costs. This distinguishes our …nding from the previous literature which stresses stronger incentives to invest in education upon expecting some positive probability of emigration (Mountford, 1997;Stark et al, 1997Stark et al, , 1998Vidal, 1998;Beine et al, 2001). Although the emigrants are disproportionally skilled, the share of skilled workers among those staying in the poor region may increase, implying a brain gain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Education, unemployment and migration

Eggert

Krieger

Meier

2010

Journal of Public Economics

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This paper studies a two-region model in which unemployment, education decisions and interregional migration are endogenous. The poorer region exhibits both lower wages and higher unemployment rates, and migrants to the richer region are disproportionally skilled. The brain drain from the poor to the rich region is accompanied by stronger incentives to acquire skills even for immobile workers. Regional shocks tend to affect both regions in a symmetric fashion, and skilled-biased technological change reduces wages of the unskilled. Both education and migration decisions are distorted by a uniform unemployment compensation, which justifies a corrective subsidization.JEL Code: H23, I20, J61, J64, R10.

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“…Essa visão pessimista começou a ser alterada em meados dos anos 1990 quando começaram a ressurgir estudos a destacar os efeitos positivos da fuga de cérebros 1 . Os autores referem que esse tipo de migrações tem um impacto directo na formação do capital humano nos países de origem (Mountford, 1997;Stark et al, 1997;Vidal, 1998;Beine et al, 2001 Não é altura para aprofundar essas questões desenvolvidas noutros artigos (Costa, 2007a(Costa, , 2007b; apenas refiro que todo esse complexo e continuado processo de mudanças culturais, sociais, políticas e económicas teve óbvias im- actuação política e económica, mas, talvez mais necessário ainda, que d o m i n e m e i m p l e m e n t e m , s e m g r a n d e s d e s v i o s , a s d i f e r e n t e s metodologias de acção e execução dessas políticas e os diferentes aspectos formais em que todos esses processos se apresentam e representam (relatórios, estatísticas, planos, projecções e análises). E tudo isto também se aprende nas universidades, quer nas universidades africanas moldadas por sistemas de ensino ocidentais, quer, sobretudo, nas academias dos países do Norte.…”

Section: Fuga De Cérebros E Desenvolvimentounclassified

Emigração de quadros, formação superior e desenvolvimento: o caso de Moçambique

Costa

2009

Pro-Posições

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Resumo: A formação superior, a fuga de cérebros e o desenvolvimento constituem os temas centrais deste artigo centrado em Moçambique. Estes temas são abordados sob diferentes ângulos, de forma a captar quer as principais linhas teóricas que actualmente informam os estudos sobre essas temáticas, quer a complexidade da realidade social e das estratégias dos actores que a vivem. Desta forma apresenta-se, inicialmente, o estado da arte em relação à problemática da fuga de cérebros, relacionando-a com o aumento da mobilidade e da concorrência internacional de, e por, estudantes universitários. Conclui-se esta parte com um breve apontamento sobre aquilo que desta problemática se aferiu em relação a Moçambique.Seguidamente, e tendo por base histórias de vida de moçambicanos com formação superior que são agentes de desenvolvimento no seu país de origem, abordam-se questões que se prendem com as identidades familiares desses quadros e com os critérios de legitimação das elites em Moçambique, relacionando este último aspecto com as problemáticas do desenvolvimento e do ensino superior.Palavras-chave: fuga de cérebros; desenvolvimento; ensino superior; Moçambique.Skilled migration, higher education and development: the Mozambique case Abstract: Higher education, brain drain and development are the main subjects of this article focused on Mozambique. They are addressed from different perspectives in order to capture the main lines that currently inform theoretical studies regarding these issues, as well as the complexity of social reality and social actors strategies. First, the author presents the state of the art of the brain drain issue, relating it to increased mobility and international competition for university students and among them. This part of the text is concluded with some brief notes regarding information collected in Mozambique. Based on life stories of Mozambicans with university degrees and who are also development agents in their own country, the second part of this article addresses topics on these people s family identities and the criteria for the legitimacy of Mozambique s elites, relating this aspect to development and higher education.

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A brain gain with a brain drain

Cited by 517 publications

References 1 publication

Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality

Migration selectivity and the evolution of spatial inequality

Education, unemployment and migration

Emigração de quadros, formação superior e desenvolvimento: o caso de Moçambique

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