A Brain Phantom Study of a Noncontact Single Inductive Coil Device and the Attendant Algorithm for First Stage Diagnosis of Internal Bleeding in the Head

Abstract

Hemorrhagic stroke is one of the leading causes of premature death among economically disadvantaged populations. Treatments of these conditions require an early diagnosis. While computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the medical gold standard for early diagnosis, these imaging modalities are rarely available in low- and middle-income countries. We present an unsophisticated noncontact single coil inductive device and a simple algorithm for detection of changes in fluid/tissue ratio in the head which simulates blood vessel bursting in the brain. Experiments were performed on a typical phantom model of the head and internal bleeding was simulated by injection of physiological saline at two locations in the head phantom. The primary motivation for this work is the need for a simple and robust detection device and algorithm for diagnosis of hemorrhagic stroke in low- and middle-income countries. This phantom-based study shows that the technology and in particular the algorithm introduced here are robust and could replace conventional imaging for first stage diagnosis of internal bleeding in the head, and thereby save millions of lives every year. Clinical studies are required to further examine the technology and the algorithm.

Detection and estimating the blood accumulation volume of brain hemorrhage in a human anatomical skull using a RF single coil

“…6 that all the algorithm values (green markers) which arrived from the one ml group, have values less than 0.5, namely . This is in agreement with our previous article ( Oziel, Korenstein & Rubinsky, 2020 ), in which we showed that this threshold value corresponds to a value that distinguishes small changes of noise and volume of blood from real significant changes of the tissue/fluid volume ratio in the head. A change in the blood/tissue ratio of , which equals to can be used as a measure for the occurrence (a diagnostic index) of a clinical change in the blood/tissue volume ratio.…”

“…Recently, we developed a very simple and robust algorithm for the single inductive coil configuration ( Oziel, Korenstein & Rubinsky, 2020 ). The algorithm can detect changes in the liquid/gel ratio in the cylindrical configuration of the head ( Oziel et al, 2020 ) with very high accuracy.…”

“…This is an experimental study on a human anatomical shape skull with real blood and brain tissue. We examined the performance of the detection algorithm ( Oziel, Korenstein & Rubinsky, 2020 ) in this geometric and tissue configuration, which resembles more closely the clinical situation with respect to: (a) the sensitivity to small changes in the tissue/fluid volume ratio; (b) the effect of accumulated location of bleeding; (c) the difference between the response to blood injection into a balloon, which simulates the accumulation of blood in one place in the brain (such as in an extradural hematoma), in comparison to direct injection of blood into the brain tissue, such as occurs in an intraventricular hemorrhage.…”

Noninvasive real-time assessment of intracranial pressure after traumatic brain injury based on electromagnetic coupling phase sensing technology

“…The occurrence of bleeding was avoided as much as possible; only minor bleeding was caused during the insertion of the ICP detection probe, and no intervention treatment was carried out after freezing. Some reported studies have shown that intracranial hemorrhage can also cause changes in the ECPS [36][37][38]. It is related to changes in the composition and volume of intracranial contents, which is more complicated than ICP.…”

A noninvasive flexible conformal sensor for accurate real-time monitoring of local cerebral edema based on electromagnetic induction

“… Kellner et al (2018) had applied a Volumetric Impedance Phase-shift Spectroscopy (VIPS) device (Cerebrotech Medical Systems, USA) and induced a bioimpedance asymmetry score to assess the severity of stroke. In 2020, Oziel et al used a simple single coil device to detect changes due to fluid volume alteration in the brain, they had proved a sensitivity of 2 ml change in tissue/blood ratio ( Oziel et al, 2020 ; Oziel, Korenstein & Rubinsky, 2020 ). Our research group has been focusing on the diagnosis of brain injuries via Magnetic Induction Phase Shift (MIPS) method.…”