“…For example, a huge number of calls of the packing algorithm are required in branch‐and‐price‐based algorithms, which is usually time‐consuming. Although some exact algorithms have been developed to efficiently solve midscale instances of two‐dimensional bin packing problems, such as branch‐and‐bound (Clautiaux et al., 2007; Côté et al., 2014) and branch‐and‐cut (Souza Queiroz and Andretta, 2022), it is difficult to handle large‐scale instances. Thus, heuristic packing algorithms have been widely used in the scheduling problems with two‐dimensional bin packing constraints, such as VRP with loading constraints (Pollaris et al., 2015; Wei et al., 2018), lock scheduling problem (Ji et al., 2019), and berth allocation problem (Tang et al., 2022).…”