“…The extension of this assignment problem is often called the transportation problem, which not only assigns the task to the machine, but also forms the transportation sequence when there is more than one task assigned to one machine: this is called the vehicle routing problem (VRP). There are plenty of examples of the transportation problem in the literature, such as transportation mode selection (road, waterway, railway) [10,11], connecting the transport mode by assigning the inbound and outbound gates of the product [12][13][14][15], transportation planning with time windows [14,[15][16][17], and optimal location assignment [18][19][20][21]. However, the AP aims to increase efficiency and sustainability by reducing time, cost, fuel consumption, and carbon dioxide emissions, increasing customer satisfaction levels and profits, and making other improvements.…”