A brick wall, a locked door, and a bandit

Raja, Fahimeh; Hawkey, Kirstie; Hsu, Steven; Wang, Kai-Le Clement; Beznosov, Konstantin

doi:10.1145/2078827.2078829

Cited by 41 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Results of this study indicate that messages based on morality are most effective over time, while those based on deterrence are more immediately effective [94]. Nudges incorporated within personal firewall warning messages have also been demonstrated to be effective with increasing users' risk perception and understanding of the possible negative consequences of their actions in addition to encouraging safer behaviours after receiving such warnings [75].…”

Section: Behaviour Change For Cybersecuritymentioning

confidence: 80%

A Quantitative Field Study of a Persuasive Security Technology in the Wild

Vargheese

Collinson

Masthoff

2022

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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Background. Persuasive techniques and persuasive technologies have been suggested as a means to improve user cybersecurity behaviour, but there have been few quantitative studies in this area. Aim. To gather empirical evidence of the actual effectiveness, in the wild, of Cialdini's persuasive principles in motivating users to take security action, using the case of encouraging an organisation's users to engage with security training. Methods. We conducted a large scale evaluation of persuasive messages designed to encourage University staff to complete security training. Persuasive messages were based on Cialdini's principles of persuasion and transmitted by email. The training was real, and the messages sent constituted the real campaign to motivate users during the study period. Results. We observed statistically significant variations, but with mild effect sizes, in participant responses to the persuasive messages. 'Unity' persuasive messages that had increased emphasis on the collaborative role of individual users as part of an organisation-wide team effort towards cybersecurity were more effective compared to 'Authority' messages that had increased emphasis on a mandatory obligation of users imposed by a hierarchical authority. Participant and organisational factors also appear to impact upon participant responses. Conclusion.The study suggests that the use of messages emphasising different principles of persuasion may have different levels of effectiveness in encouraging users to take particular security actions. In particular, it suggests that the use of social capital, in the form of increased emphasis of 'unity', may be more effective than increased emphasis of 'authority'. These findings motivate further studies of how the use of Social capital may be beneficial for encouraging individuals to adopt similar positive security behaviours.

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Section: Behaviour Change For Cybersecuritymentioning

confidence: 80%

A Quantitative Field Study of a Persuasive Security Technology in the Wild

Vargheese

Collinson

Masthoff

2022

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

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“…In the information visualization field, metaphor can help users analyze and understand information effectively by mapping the relationship between visual stimuli and semantics. More and more studies have proposed the application of metaphor in the interface design and information visualization, such as specifying the color of semantic resonance to represent data (for example, blue represents ocean data, green represents plants) (Lin, Fortuna, Kulkarni, Stone, & Heer, 2013), using brick wall metaphor in the software to indicate firewall warning (Raja, Hawkey, Hsu, Wang, & Beznosov, 2011), and designing traffic signs (Caldas, Moreira, Rebelo, & Rossetti, 2018). Different from its interface icon design, metaphors provide information for logical reasoning and involve complex information processing activities in information visualization such as identifying specific patterns (Pramanick & Mitra, 2017) and making judgments (Kale et al, 2018).…”

Section: Visualization Of Social Media Information Semanticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visualization of Emergency Needs Posted on Social Media by Metaphor Map

Cui

et al. 2021

Data and Information Management

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Thematic analysis based on a social network is one of the effective means in emergency management. To improve users’ understanding, the results of the thematic analysis are often displayed through visualization. However, the previous researches on text theme visualization rarely considered the unified representation of theme structure and theme evolution. Cognitive load leads to difficulty, and it happens due to the separate representation of structure and evolution relationship and it still increases because of the characteristics of urgency, uncertainty, etc. Therefore, a metaphor map is introduced in this study to overcome the limits of previous visualization tools in characterizing the structure and evolutionary relationship of emergency. On the one hand, different elements in the metaphor map represent the information of popularity and structure of the demand, respectively. On the other hand, the visual design based on the metaphor map strengthens the representation of the content and evolution states of the demand themes. At the theoretical level, a visualization method for emergency needs based on the metaphor map is proposed in this study, which enriches the theory of emergency information visualization. At the practical level, this study explores the design of a visualization system based on the metaphor map under crisis scenarios, which enhances the interaction between users and crisis information, and provides references for decision-making such as emergency material scheduling and emergency resource coordination.

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“…In this paper, evidence from various scholars was gathered and presented accordingly. Most of the issues and challenges in security warnings are mentioned independently in many publications such as the technical words, the motivation for heeding the warnings, and the evaluation of the risk of warnings [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Most of the researchers within this domain are focusing on some specific challenges and solutions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harnessing the Challenges and Solutions to Improve Security Warnings: A Review

Zaaba

Amran

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The security warning is a representation of communication that is used to warn and to inform a person whether security menaces have been discovered in order to prevent any consequences of damage from taking place. The purpose of a security warning is to provide a legitimate alert (to notify and to warn) to the users so that a secure manner of action is safely conducted. It is worth noting that the majority of computer users prefer to dismiss security warnings due to lack of attention, the use of technical words, and the deficiency of information provided. This paper determines to achieve two outcomes: firstly, a thorough review of problems, challenges, and approaches to improving security warnings. Our work complements the previous classifications in the identification of problems and challenges in security warnings by value-adding a new classification, namely immersion in the primary task. Then, we add other related works within the known classifications accordingly. In addition, our work also presents the classifications of approaches to improving security warnings. Secondly, we propose two timelines by addressing the problems, challenges, and approaches to improving security warnings. It is expected that the outcomes of this research will be useful to researchers within the niche area for analysing trends and providing the groundwork in security warning studies, respectively.

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A brick wall, a locked door, and a bandit

Cited by 41 publications

References 27 publications

A Quantitative Field Study of a Persuasive Security Technology in the Wild

A Quantitative Field Study of a Persuasive Security Technology in the Wild

Visualization of Emergency Needs Posted on Social Media by Metaphor Map

Harnessing the Challenges and Solutions to Improve Security Warnings: A Review

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