A Brief Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF): Safety and Potency

Feng, Ying; Wang, Ai-Tong; Jia, Honghong; Zhao, Meng; Yu, Hao

doi:10.2174/1574888x15666200101124317

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Stem cell technology has provided hope to identify new expandable sources that can induce liver regeneration. Recently stem cell-based therapies are getting enough attention for the treatment of patients with ACLF (154)(155)(156)(157). MSCs have massive expansion potential in the culture system and play a crucial role in tissue repair and regeneration by differentiating into several cell types and replacing the injured tissues (158).…”

Section: Stem-cell-based Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management

Khanam

Kottilil

2021

Front. Med.

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Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a multifaceted condition with poor treatment options and high short-term mortality. ACLF can develop in patients with or without liver cirrhosis, where patients with decompensated cirrhosis display a higher risk of short-term mortality. Pathophysiological mechanisms include systemic inflammation due to bacterial and fungal infections and acute hepatic insult with drug, alcohol, and viral hepatitis. Cryptogenic factors also contribute to the development of ACLF. The clinical outcome of patients with ACLF gets further complicated by the occurrence of variceal hemorrhage, hepatorenal syndrome, hepatic encephalopathy, and systemic immune dysfunction. Regardless of the better understanding of pathophysiological mechanisms, no specific and definitive treatment is available except for liver transplantation. The recent approach of regenerative medicine using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) could be advantageous for the treatment of ACLF as these cells can downregulate inflammatory response by inducing antiinflammatory events and prevent hepatic damage and fibrosis by inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation and collagen synthesis. Moreover, MSCs are involved in tissue repair by the process of liver regeneration. Considering the broad therapeutic potential of MSCs, it can serve as an alternative treatment to liver transplant in the near future, if promising results are achieved.

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Section: Stem-cell-based Therapiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management

Khanam

Kottilil

2021

Front. Med.

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“…В ходе клинических испытаний на ограниченной выборке пациентов была доказана безопасность и эффективность применения СК при ЦП [11][12][13][14]. Однако в процессе терапии СК КМ человека перед исследователями возникают три главных вопроса: способ получения СК, путь введения -доставки и выбор популяции клеток для достижения лучшего терапевтического эффекта.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

A case report on intraportal injection of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and liver transplantation in a patient with cirrhosis

Sheraliev

Поликарпов

Тилеубергенов

et al. 2021

RJTAO

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To date, liver transplantation remains the only effective treatment for patients with cirrhosis. Due to lack of other effective, alternative therapeutic methods, the search and development of new treatment technologies is problem number one. The development of cellular technologies is promising for use in clinical practice. Using this observation as an example, the safety and efficacy of cell therapy technology for prolonged stay on the liver transplant waiting list by a patient with cirrhosis is shown. After intraportal injection of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells, liver cirrhosis stabilized on the CTP and MELD-Na scales for 22 months of observation, which allowed the patient to wait for an organ and successfully undergo liver transplantation.

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“…Клинические исследования показали, что терапия МСК уменьшает повреждение печени, улучшает её функцию и способствует регенерации тканей. При острой или хронической печёночной недостаточности применение МСК повышает выживаемость пациентов и обладает хорошей переносимостью и безопасностью [70]. X. Qian и соавт.…”

Section: экзосомы и вирус гепатита вunclassified

Exosomes in the life cycle of viruses and the pathogenesis of viral infections

Кущ¹,

Ivanov²

2023

Problems of Virology

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Exosomes are extracellular vesicles of endosomal origin, with a bilayer membrane, 30160 nm in diameter. Exosomes are released from cells of different origins and are detected in various body fluids. They contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites and can transfer the contents to recipient cells. Exosome biogenesis involves cellular proteins of the Rab GTPase family and the ESCRT system, which regulate budding, vesicle transport, molecule sorting, membrane fusion, formation of multivesicular bodies and exosome secretion. Exosomes are released from cells infected with viruses and may contain viral DNA and RNA, as well as mRNA, microRNA, other types of RNA, proteins and virions. Exosomes are capable of transferring viral components into uninfected cells of various organs and tissues. This review analyzes the impact of exosomes on the life cycle of widespread viruses that cause serious human diseases: human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1), hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, SARS-CoV-2. Viruses are able to enter cells by endocytosis, use molecular and cellular pathways involving Rab and ESCRT proteins to release exosomes and spread viral infections. It has been shown that exosomes can have multidirectional effects on the pathogenesis of viral infections, suppressing or enhancing the course of diseases. Exosomes can potentially be used in noninvasive diagnostics as biomarkers of the stage of infection, and exosomes loaded with biomolecules and drugs - as therapeutic agents. Genetically modified exosomes are promising candidates for new antiviral vaccines.

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A Brief Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells as Biological Drugs for the Treatment of Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure (ACLF): Safety and Potency

Cited by 11 publications

References 80 publications

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management

Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure: Pathophysiological Mechanisms and Management

A case report on intraportal injection of autologous bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells and liver transplantation in a patient with cirrhosis

Exosomes in the life cycle of viruses and the pathogenesis of viral infections

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