“…However, given their different excavations and maintenances from railway/road/hydraulic tunnels, they will not be the primary focus in this paper. Some recent research progress in the planning, design and maintenance stages of utility networks with the assistance of BIM is discussed in these references (Ge and Xu, 2019;Haurum and Moeslund, 2020;Hu and Zhang, 2019;Lee et al, 2018;Li et al, 2019;Wu et al, 2019a;Yao et al, 2019;Yin et al, 2020;Yu et al, 2019a;Yu et al, 2019b). Refer to Zeiss (2020) for a summary of engineering cases and comments on the latest progress made by industry and government in underground utility.…”