A Brief History of Endophyte Detection Techniques in Grasses

Ahmad, Rana Zaheer; Ameen, Fuad; Khalid, Ruhi; Alghuthaymi, Mousa A.; Alsalmi, Reem; Li, Chunjie

doi:10.5539/sar.v8n3p66

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…That lives within a host on specific host part or cell, without causing apparent disease. According to Ahmad et al [6] It live asymptomatically inside plant tissue and found the most plant kingdom. The symbiont of endophyte and plant are mostly mutualism, where each species has a net benefit.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth inducing endophyte: optimizing the non-host endophyte as growth promoter

Sugiyarto

Trwidiarto

Supriyadi

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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The plants present a complex, spatially and temporally diverse ecological habitat. As living support of human, microorganism, microorganism and fungal. They are life in the host plant as endo, ecto, semi endo or other kind living mechanism. The symbiotic associations between microorganisms and plants are ancient and fundamental. Most of plant protection scientist develop the broad range of host in endphopytic microbes for the future purposes, such as biological control agents, growth inducer, the plant resistance inducer and soon. However, the development non true host of endophytic microbes are challenging. The research was done by isolating potential endophyte from three toga plant and then tested to spinach. The growing and plant pathogenic possibility test was done to eliminating the potential plant pathogen microbes. From 40 isolate, was detected more than 20 isolate have possibility to be a pathogen of Spinach, with different symptoms appearance level. The level of growth induced result also have different result among the potential endophyte. They appear on the growing time, the long of root and shoot number of spinach. The optimizing of growth promoter endophyte especially for non-host endophyte, need the extra path for convinced the isolated endophyte not to be potential plant pathogen.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The growth inducing endophyte: optimizing the non-host endophyte as growth promoter

Sugiyarto

Trwidiarto

Supriyadi

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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“…Various techniques for detecting fungal pathogens in their respective host plants are discussed in the literature ( Ahmad et al, 2019 ). Some basic traditional and biochemical techniques are used to detect R. solani and diagnose the diseases caused by Rhizoctonia species, particularly in legumes are shown Table 2 .…”

Section: Detection and Diagnostic Approaches For Rhizoctoni...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global distribution, traditional and modern detection, diagnostic, and management approaches of Rhizoctonia solani associated with legume crops

et al. 2023

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Sustainable development relies heavily on a food system that is both safe and secure. Several approaches may lead to sustainability and food safety. An increase in the cultivation of legume crops is one of the approaches for enhancing agricultural viability and ensuring adequate food supply. Legumes may increase daily intake of fiber, folate, and protein as substitutes for meat and dairy. They are also crucial in various intercropping systems worldwide. However, legume production has been hampered by Rhizoctonia solani due to its destructive lifestyle. R. solani causes blights, damping off, and rotting diseases in legume crops. Our knowledge of the global distribution of R. solani associated with legume crops (alfalfa, soybean, chickpea, pea, lentil, common bean, and peanut), detection, diagnosis, and management of legume crops diseases caused by R. solani is limited. Traditional approaches rely on the incubation of R. solani, visual examination of symptoms on host legume crops, and microscopy identification. However, these approaches are time-consuming, require technical expertise, fail to detect a minimal amount of inoculum, and are unreliable. Biochemical and molecular-based approaches have been used with great success recently because of their excellent sensitivity and specificity. Along with conventional PCR, nested PCR, multiplex PCR, real-time PCR, magnetic-capture hybridization PCR, and loop-mediated isothermal amplification have been widely used to detect and diagnose R. solani. In the future, Next-generation sequencing will likely be used to a greater extent to detect R. solani. This review outlines global distribution, survival, infection and disease cycle, traditional, biochemical, molecular, and next-generation sequencing detection and diagnostic approaches, and an overview of the resistant resources and other management strategies to cope with R. solani.

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“…Methods to determine endophyte presence within a plant include microscopy, immunoblot tissue print testing, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing for endophyte‐derived molecular markers (Ahmad et al, 2019) and a plate‐based assay, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. High‐performance liquid chromatography can be used to identify alkaloid content (Hiatt et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determining the earliest growth stage to detect the presence of endophytes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings using molecular markers

et al. 2023

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Background Tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea [Schreb.], Lolium arundinaceum [Schreb.] Darbysh) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) are important cool‐season forage and amenity grasses that have a mutualistic association with an endophytic fungus. Endophytes confer insect and drought resistance to plants but can produce mammalian toxins. Novel endophytes that do not produce mammalian toxins have been introduced to elite cultivars for commercial production. Seed companies need to maintain adequate levels of novel endophytes within the elite forage cultivars. Endophyte detection is performed using immunochemical and molecular techniques because of their speed and reliability. Early detection in seedlings is essential to evaluate the viability of the endophyte within seed lots. Methods This research aimed to identify the earliest growth stage in which immunochemical and molecular methods can detect viable endophyte in seedlings of tall fescue cultivars BarOptima (e34), Texoma MaxQII (584), and Jesup MaxQ (542), as well as the perennial ryegrass cultivar Remington (NEA2). Results Immunochemical testing detected endophytes in seedlings 14 days after germination (DAG), but the detection rate increased until 42 DAG in some cultivars tested. The molecular marker Tef1exon detected endophytes at a lower rate than the immunochemical method at 28–42 DAG. However, there was insufficient DNA to detect endophytes in 14 DAG seedlings using markers. Conclusions We conclude that the most accurate detection of viable endophytes in seedlings was 42 DAG, at which sufficient and consistent endophyte colonization occurred.

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A Brief History of Endophyte Detection Techniques in Grasses

Cited by 4 publications

References 35 publications

The growth inducing endophyte: optimizing the non-host endophyte as growth promoter

The growth inducing endophyte: optimizing the non-host endophyte as growth promoter

Global distribution, traditional and modern detection, diagnostic, and management approaches of Rhizoctonia solani associated with legume crops

Determining the earliest growth stage to detect the presence of endophytes in tall fescue and perennial ryegrass seedlings using molecular markers

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