A brief history of fish osmoregulation: the central role of the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory

Evans, David H.

doi:10.3389/fphys.2010.00013

Cited by 47 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 171 publications

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“… Current working model for ionic exchangers, channels and pumps mediating the uptake of Na + and Cl − by the fish gill epithelium in freshwater or seawater (see Evans 2010 for evidence for these mechanisms in seawater fishes). Two mitochondrion‐rich cells are diagrammed, but the actual distribution and nomenclature of the specific cells are debated and may be species specific.…”

Section: Excretion Of Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Fish Gill Ion Transport: August Krogh to morpholinos and microprobes

Evans

2010

Acta Physiologica

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August Krogh proposed that freshwater fishes (and other freshwater animals) maintain body NaCl homoeostasis by extracting these ions from the environment via separate Na(+) /NH(4)(+) and Cl(-) /HCO(3)(-) exchangers in the gill epithelium. Subsequent data from other laboratories suggested that Na(+) uptake was more probably coupled to H(+) secretion via a vesicular proton pump (V-ATPase) electrically coupled to a Na(+) channel. However, despite uncertainty about electrochemical gradients, evidence has accrued that epithelial Na(+) /H(+) exchange indeed may be an alternative pathway for Na(+) uptake. The specific pathways for Na(+) uptake may be species and environment specific. An apical Cl(-) /HCO(3)(-) exchanger is generally accepted for most species (some species do not extract Cl(-) from freshwater), but the relative roles of anion exchanger-like (SLC4A1) vs. pendrin-like (SLC26Z4) exchangers are unknown, and also may be species specific. Most recently, data have supported the presence of an apical Na(+) + Cl(-) cotransporter (NCC-type), despite thermodynamic uncertainty. Ammonia extrusion may be via NH(3) diffusing through the paracellular junctions or NH(4) (+) substitution on both basolateral and apical ionic exchangers (Na(+) + K(+) -ATPase; Na(+) + K(+) + Cl(-) - cotransporter; and Na(+) /H(+) exchanger), but recent evidence suggests that Rhesus-glycoproteins mediate both basolateral and apical movement of ammonia.

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Section: Excretion Of Ammoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Freshwater Fish Gill Ion Transport: August Krogh to morpholinos and microprobes

Evans

2010

Acta Physiologica

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“…This leads to an adjusted stress response, metabolic regulation, and immune responses, as well as the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) (Pickering 1981;Barton 2002;Leatherland et al 2010). The kidney of bony fish, along with the gills and intestine, is generally responsible for osmoregulation and excretion (Marshall and Grosell 2006;Engelund and Madsen 2011). Moreover, it is comprised of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, exerting immunological functions (Zapata et al 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Impact of Thermal Stress on Kidney-Specific Gene Expression in Farmed Regional and Imported Rainbow Trout

et al. 2015

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Seasonal water temperatures can be stressful for fish in aquaculture and can therefore negatively influence their welfare. Although the kidney is the crucial organ associated with the primary stress response, knowledge about the stress-modulated kidney transcriptome in salmonids is limited. In the present study, we used a comparative microarray approach to characterize the general gene expression profiles of rainbow trout trunk kidney after a 2-week acclimation to mild heat (23 °C) and cold stress (8 °C). Hypothesizing that local adaptation influences stress performance, we aimed to identify differences in the temperature-induced gene expression in the regional trout strain BORN, in addition to a common imported strain. Moderate temperature challenge provoked typical stress response clusters, including heat-shock proteins or cold-inducible factors, in addition to altered energy metabolism in trout kidney. Mild cold, in particular, enhanced renal protein degradation processes, as well as mRNA and protein synthesis, while it also triggered fatty acid biosynthesis. Mild heat led to cytoskeleton-stabilizing processes and might have facilitated cell damage and infection. Furthermore, both breeding lines used different strategies for energy provision, cellular defense, and cell death/survival pathways. As a main finding, the genes involved in energy provision showed generally higher transcript levels at both temperatures in BORN trout compared to imported trout, indicating adjusted metabolic rates under local environmental conditions. Altogether, this study provides a general overview of stress-induced transcriptional patterns in rainbow trout trunk kidney, in addition to identifying genes and networks that contribute to the robustness of the BORN strain. Our analyses suggest SERPINH1 and CIRBP as general marker genes for heat stress and cold stress in trout, respectively.

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“…Therefore, FW fishes actively take up Na + and Cl − from their environment across the gill and skin epithelium (reviewed by Kirschner, 2004). The gill and skin contain a special type of ion-transporting epithelial cells, namely mitochondrion-rich cells (MRCs; also called ionocytes or chloride cells) which are rich in mitochondria and Na + –K + –ATPase, providing the driving force for active ion transport (Perry, 1997; Hirose et al, 2003; Evans et al, 2005; Hwang and Lee, 2007; Evans, 2008, 2010; Hwang, 2009; Lee et al, 2011; Dymowska et al, 2012; Kumai and Perry, 2012). The mechanism by which MRCs of FW fishes absorb Na + has been extensively studied in traditional model species such as tilapia, trout, salmon, eel, dace, and killifish, and at least three different pathways have been proposed (for a recent review see, Hwang et al, 2011): (1) electrogenic H + secretion by vacuolar-type H + -ATPase (H + -ATPase) provides driving force for Na + influx through an apical amiloride-sensitive Na + channel; (2) apical Na + /H + exchanger (Nhe 1 ) mediates entry of ambient Na + in exchange for intracellular H + equivalents; and (3) fish-specific Na + -Cl − cotransporter (Ncc) mediates electroneutral uptake of NaCl at the apical membrane of a subpopulation of MRCs (Hiroi et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Close Association of Carbonic Anhydrase (CA2a and CA15a), Na+/H+ Exchanger (Nhe3b), and Ammonia Transporter Rhcg1 in Zebrafish Ionocytes Responsible for Na+ Uptake

Ito¹,

Kobayashi²,

Nakamura³

et al. 2013

Front. Physiol.

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Freshwater (FW) fishes actively absorb salt from their environment to tolerate low salinities. We previously reported that vacuolar-type H+-ATPase/mitochondrion-rich cells (H-MRCs) on the skin epithelium of zebrafish larvae (Danio rerio) are primary sites for Na+ uptake. In this study, in an attempt to clarify the mechanism for the Na+ uptake, we performed a systematic analysis of gene expression patterns of zebrafish carbonic anhydrase (CA) isoforms and found that, of 12 CA isoforms, CA2a and CA15a are highly expressed in H-MRCs at larval stages. The ca2a and ca15a mRNA expression were salinity-dependent; they were upregulated in 0.03 mM Na+ water whereas ca15a but not ca2a was down-regulated in 70 mM Na+ water. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated cytoplasmic distribution of CA2a and apical membrane localization of CA15a. Furthermore, cell surface immunofluorescence staining revealed external surface localization of CA15a. Depletion of either CA2a or CA15a expression by Morpholino antisense oligonucleotides resulted in a significant decrease in Na+ accumulation in H-MRCs. An in situ proximity ligation assay demonstrated a very close association of CA2a, CA15a, Na+/H+ exchanger 3b (Nhe3b), and Rhcg1 ammonia transporter in H-MRC. Our findings suggest that CA2a, CA15a, and Rhcg1 play a key role in Na+uptake under FW conditions by forming a transport metabolon with Nhe3b.

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A brief history of fish osmoregulation: the central role of the Mt. Desert Island Biological Laboratory

Cited by 47 publications

References 171 publications

Freshwater Fish Gill Ion Transport: August Krogh to morpholinos and microprobes

Freshwater Fish Gill Ion Transport: August Krogh to morpholinos and microprobes

Impact of Thermal Stress on Kidney-Specific Gene Expression in Farmed Regional and Imported Rainbow Trout

Close Association of Carbonic Anhydrase (CA2a and CA15a), Na+/H+ Exchanger (Nhe3b), and Ammonia Transporter Rhcg1 in Zebrafish Ionocytes Responsible for Na+ Uptake

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