A Brief History of Head and Neck Pathology

Fechner, Robert E.

doi:10.1038/modpathol.3880519

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…24 The approach to diagnosing and confirming cancer through microscopic examination of resected tissue has remained largely unchanged since the late 1800s. 25 With the advent of high-throughput digital scanning of standard histopathology glass slides, computational pathology was born and the term pathomics was coined "to embody the wide variety of data that are captured from image analyses to generate quantitative features to characterize the diverse phenotypic features of tissue samples in whole slide images (WSIs)". 26 The pathomics approach is particularly useful in revealing features and relationships that are not directly interpretable by the naked eye and in reducing interobserver variability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The modified Polsby–Popper score, a novel quantitative histomorphological biomarker and its potential to predict lymph node positivity and cancer‐specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Csűry,

Balk

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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BackgroundThe significance of different histological spreading patterns of tumor tissue in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) is well known. Our aim was to construct a numeric parameter on a continuous scale, that is, the modified Polsby–Popper (MPP) score, to describe the aggressiveness of tumor growth and infiltration, with the potential to analyze hematoxylin and eosin‐stained whole slide images (WSIs) in an automated manner. We investigated the application of the MPP score in predicting survival and cervical lymph node metastases as well as in determining patients at risk in the context of different surgical margin scenarios.MethodsWe developed a semiautomated image analysis pipeline to detect areas belonging to the tumor tissue compartment. Perimeter and area measurements of all detected tissue regions were derived, and a specific mathematical formula was applied to reflect the perimeter/area ratio in a comparable, observer‐independent manner across digitized WSIs. We demonstrated the plausibility of the MPP score by correlating it with well‐established clinicopathologic parameters. We then performed survival analysis to assess the relevance of the MPP score, with an emphasis on different surgical margin scenarios. Machine learning models were developed to assess the relevance of the MPP score in predicting survival and occult cervical nodal metastases.ResultsThe MPP score was associated with unfavorable tumor growth and infiltration patterns, the presence of lymph node metastases, the extracapsular spread of tumor cells, and higher tumor thickness. Higher MPP scores were associated with worse overall survival (OS) and tongue carcinoma‐specific survival (TCSS), both when assessing all pT‐categories and pT1‐pT2 categories only; moreover, higher MPP scores were associated with a significantly worse TCSS in cases where a cancer‐free surgical margin of <5 mm could be achieved on the main surgical specimen. This discriminatory capacity remained constant when examining pT1‐pT2 categories only. Importantly, the MPP score could successfully define cases at risk in terms of metastatic disease in pT1‐pT2 cancer where tumor thickness failed to exhibit a significant predictive value. Machine learning (ML) models incorporating the MPP score could predict the 5‐year TCSS efficiently. Furthermore, we demonstrated that machine learning models that predict occult cervical lymph node involvement can benefit from including the MPP score.ConclusionsWe introduced an objective, quantifiable, and observer‐independent parameter, the MPP score, representing the aggressiveness of tumor growth and infiltration in TSCC. We showed its prognostic relevance especially in pT1‐pT2 category TSCC, and its possible use in ML models predicting TCSS and occult lymph node metastases.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The modified Polsby–Popper score, a novel quantitative histomorphological biomarker and its potential to predict lymph node positivity and cancer‐specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Csűry,

Balk

et al. 2023

Cancer Medicine

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“…Para el siglo XVIII, con la invención del microscopio, se abrió camino a una nueva rama en la que se podía visualizar la estructura celular de los tumores y la evaluación de los tejidos resecados (7). También se comprobaron asociaciones ocupacionales con el cáncer, al notar la alta frecuencia de cáncer de escroto en los niños deshollinadores en Inglaterra (8).…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Personalidades históricas de la cirugía oncológica

Lozano

Sanábria

2021

Med.

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Desde tiempos remotos el cáncer ha acompañado a nuestra especie, y los procedimientos de resección quirúrgica fueron los primeros propuestos para su control. La comprensión de la historia del cáncer permite entender el papel de la cirugía como herramienta de tratamiento. Los principales avances quirúrgicos ocurrieron durante el siglo XIX con el advenimiento de la anestesia y la antisepsia, lo que permitió realizar cirugías más complejas y radicales hasta llevar la cirugía al límite de la anatomía con la super-radicalidad del siglo XX. Actualmente, con la medicina basada en la evidencia y la integración con otras especialidades como la radioterapia y la oncología clínica, se ha logrado un sinergismo que ofrece al paciente una mayor supervivencia con menor morbilidad y mejor calidad de vida. Destacamos la vida de cuatro cirujanos y sus aportes a la cirugía del cáncer en diferentes épocas.

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“…[29]. According to Fechner [41], Ackerman's paper was a paradigm of the failure to diagnose a tumour microscopically without knowing its true clinical nature. Ackerman himself delighted in recounting the events leading to the correct diagnosis.…”

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The Kaiser's cancer revisited: was Virchow totally wrong?

et al. 2011

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On 15 June 1888, the German Emperor, Kaiser Friedrich III, died of laryngeal cancer. Three biopsies of his laryngeal lesion had been taken by the British laryngologist, Morel Mackenzie, in 1887 and diagnosed by Rudolf Virchow as "pachydermia verrucosa laryngis", confirming Mackenzie's assessment that the Kaiser's disease was benign. A fourth specimen coughed up by the patient was considered by Virchow to be nondiagnostic. A further specimen expectorated by the patient 3 months before his death was diagnosed as carcinoma by Wilhelm Waldeyer. The autopsy revealed squamous carcinoma in the larynx with a cervical lymph node metastasis. The discrepancies between the initial diagnoses and the final outcome of the Kaiser's disease gave rise to a never-ending medical controversy. Our investigations on this historical case were limited to the official German documents and publications and their English translations and to subsequent literature sources of the time, after having received confirmation that the histological slides and Virchow's original reports had been lost. Based on current surgical pathology knowledge, we propose that the tumour that challenged the diagnostic skills of the founder of pathology was hybrid verrucous carcinoma (HVC), an extremely rare, metastasizing variant of verrucous carcinoma (VC) composed of pure VC mixed with clusters of conventional squamous cell carcinoma. As we see it now, Virchow was therefore not totally wrong. Our retrospective evaluation suggests that Virchow's detailed description of the Kaiser's cancer preceded the paper that contributed to the full understanding of HVC of the larynx by 110 years.

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A Brief History of Head and Neck Pathology

Cited by 9 publications

References 16 publications

The modified Polsby–Popper score, a novel quantitative histomorphological biomarker and its potential to predict lymph node positivity and cancer‐specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

The modified Polsby–Popper score, a novel quantitative histomorphological biomarker and its potential to predict lymph node positivity and cancer‐specific survival in oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma

Personalidades históricas de la cirugía oncológica

The Kaiser's cancer revisited: was Virchow totally wrong?

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