A Brief History of Piano Action Mechanisms

Russo, Matteo; Robles-Linares, Jose A.

doi:10.4236/ahs.2020.95024

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 8 publications

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“…Recently, new solutions of action have been applied to the pipe organ, using sensors, microcontrollers, and servos or other electric actuators for mechatronic action [11,12]. The mechatronic mechanism can have positive mechanical and electrical operating characteristics, i.e., it should allow the full control over the dynamics of the generated sound and allow the keyboard to move away from the pipe organ [13,14]. Independently of the action system, a microcontroller and electrical actuators are implemented in modern pipe organs as controllers of the registration and used to control the type and the volume of the sound [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Strategy for Mechatronic Action of a Pipe Organ Using a VCM Actuator

Kowol,

Nowak,

Lo Sciuto

2023

Electronics

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In pipe organs, the oldest and most commonly chosen system for connecting the organist operator to the source of sound (i.e., the pipes to the action) is mechanical action. This article presents a mechatronic action with a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator to reproduce the action of a mechanical action on pipe organ. The mechatronic action makes it feasible to mechanically separate the keyboard from the pipes and to determine the control strategy for the mechatronic action by utilizing sensors, an actuator and a microcontroller. The time response of the organ pipe with mechanical action and the requirements for mechatronic action were outlined. The control strategy was preceded by measurements of the mechanical action and measurements of the behavior of the VCM actuator system, which moves the pneumatic valve pallet. Two control strategies, open-loop and closed-loop, were proposed and analyzed for the mechatronic action with the VCM actuator. According to the results, the suggested control strategies successfully reproduce the mechanical action’s behavior to a good extent.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Control Strategy for Mechatronic Action of a Pipe Organ Using a VCM Actuator

Kowol,

Nowak,

Lo Sciuto

2023

Electronics

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Animal Models in Dentistry

Ali Alnajim,

Abdullah Almutairi,

Jamal Alanazi

2024

Animal Models in Experimental Medicine

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Dentistry is a medical specialty that deals with teeth and gums, and animal models play an important part in its research and teaching. The use of animal models dates back centuries, and animals such as dogs, cats, rabbits, and horses have been utilized to investigate dental diseases and the anatomy and function of teeth. The selection criteria for animal models include their human-like physiology, the accessibility of relevant genetic resources, and usability and affordability. Animals are employed for research on various dental conditions, such as periodontal disease, dental caries, and oral cancer. Periodontitis is a dangerous gum infection that can lead to tooth loss, frequently brought on by a lack of oral hygiene. Dental caries are studied in animal models, and new preventative and therapeutic methods are explored. Oral cancer is studied, and its course and therapies are tested using animal models. The use of test methods specified by the International Organization for Standardization has helped to evaluate the biological reaction of various dental substances. Hamsters, which are usually correlated to mice, are employed to examine the features of periodontal and cariogenic diseases. Disease transmission can be studied in these animals as well. The dog periodontium is the one that most closely resembles that of humans. Canine periodontal disease is highly reflective of its human counterpart, and gingival recession is a hallmark of periodontitis in dogs, as it is in humans. Although animal models have been instrumental in the field of dentistry, there is not a single animal model that adequately replicates human soft and hard tissues, and it is crucial to choose an experimental model in light of the goals of the study.

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