A Brief History of Schooling in the United States

Abstract

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More than Meets the Eye? Using Text Analytic Techniques to Unpack School Mission Statements

“…That is, schools may be striving to address goals that are cognitive, socio-emotional, economic, or political. In the United States of the 19th century, political and social goals of schooling may have prevailed to help unite the country while incorporating new waves of immigrants, but, as the country urbanized and industrialized, economic and cognitive goals may have gained ascendancy (Janak, 2019;Rury, 2016). Hochschild and Scovronick (2003) conceptualize the over-arching goals of education in the United States through the interests of the recipients (see also, Labaree, 1997).…”

“…A school mission statement typically aims to communicate a school's core purposes in terms of educating children and youth. In the United States, different purposes or goals of education have been emphasized at different historical times (Janak, 2019;Rury, 2016) and there have been diverse theoretical perspectives-from sociologists, historians, and philosophers (Adler, 1982;DeMarrais & LeCompte, 1995;Labaree, 1997;Tyack & Cuban, 1995). For example, DeMarrais and LeCompte (1995) point to how school purposes can be understood through their function.…”

What is the “Meaning of School” to High School Students? A Scale Development and Implementation Study Based on IRT and CTT

“…Although schools came into existence to serve educational purposes for individuals and societies, they have also evolved through history serving different kinds of purposes for individuals and societies. Janak (2019) states that schooling had military, religious, philosophical, political, and social purposes. As can be seen in Table 1, schooling started with the aim of military education, and the Ancient Greek schools of philosophy were founded to raise intellectual society.…”