A brief illustrated history of desalination

Birkett, James

doi:10.1016/0011-9164(84)85014-6

Cited by 21 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Fresh water scarcity and rapidly increasing global demand for clean water have stimulated scientists to seek out innovative methods of securing potable water supplies. Even though water desalination is deeply rooted within the human history, spanning across centuries, 1 it was not until the latter half of 20th century that desalination techniques became commercialized. 2 Conventional desalination methods, such as reverse osmosis (RO), electrodialysis (ED), multi-stage-flash (MSF), and multieffect desalination (MED), are commonly used, but in some cases require significant energy input to produce fresh water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Gamaethiralalage

Singh

Şahin

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

326

128

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Gamaethiralalage

Singh

Şahin

et al. 2021

Energy Environ. Sci.

326

128

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“…Thus, they were more genuine, spontaneous, and instinctive and had greater risk attitudes that led them towards building remarkable hydraulic works and a better understanding of human needs and wishes. Many water systems, including distillation, established by ancient Egyptian and Greek must be considered as potential models and examples for sustainable water techniques for today and the future, not only as historical ideas and items [27][28][29].…”

Section: Desalination From Prehistoric To Medieval Era (Ca 3200 Bc-1400 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the end of the Roman Empire, the future for water treatment and desalination appeared to be uncertain as enemies destroyed many aqueducts, and many were no longer used. Many desalination experiments were performed globally in several places, but it was impossible to perform on a large scale in Medieval times [28]. Perhaps the best-known worker in the desalination experiments was Jabir Ibn Hayyan, or Gerber, in the Middle East area, who published an article on distillation in the late 7th century AD [61].…”

Section: Medieval Times (Ca 330-1400 Ad)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future

Angelakιs

Valipour

Choo

et al. 2021

Water

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Water is life, and without water, there would be no civilizations and a vacant Earth. Water is considered an abundant natural resource on the earth. Water covers 3/4 of the surface. However, 97% of the available water on the earth is salty oceanic water, and only a tiny fraction (3%) is freshwater. This small portion of the available water supplies the needs of humans and animals. However, freshwater exists in underground, rivers, and lakes and is insufficient to cover all the world’s water demands. Thus, water saving, water reuse, rainwater harvesting, stormwater utilization, and desalination are critical for maintaining water supplies for the future of humanity. Desalination has a long history spanning centuries from ancient times to the present. In the last two decades, desalination has been rapidly expanding to meet water needs in stressed water regions of the world. Yet, there are still some problems with its implementation in several areas of the world. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the history of desalination for wiser and smarter water extraction and uses to sustain and support the water needs of the earth’s inhabitants.

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“…Desalination based on evaporation to produce freshwater from saline water is known and explored for many centuries. Large-scale desalination was implemented in the nineteenth century (Birkett 1984). Initially, multiple-effect distillation (MED), with specific energy consumption (SEC) in the range of 19-27 kWh/m 3 , was the dominant technology (Al-Karaghouli and Kazmerski 2012).…”

Section: Alternative Nutrient Concentrating Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies in multi-loop aquaponics systems

Goddek¹,

Keesman²

2020

Aquacult Int

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The sustainable development of agricultural systems where nutrients and water are recycled to a high degree is of enormous importance. Traditional aquaponics, where fish and plants are cultivated in one recirculating system, addresses these ecological challenges, but still struggles with its economical feasibility. Decoupled multi-loop aquaponics systems, in which the aquaculture and hydroponics subsystems are running autonomously, proved that they can keep up with the productivity of state-of-the-art hydroponics systems or even outscore them. Yet, a problem of such decoupled aquaponics systems was that plants require a high nutrient concentration, whereas fish prefer rather a clean water. In practice, the opposite is happening as the nutrients are added to the aquaculture units through the feed. This paper optimizes a recent approach showing that desalination technologies, such as reverse osmosis, can play an important role in reversing the concentrations within such systems without killing beneficial plant growth–promoting rhizobacteria thermally. The proposed integrated systems approach has the potential to make both periodical nutrient and water discharges and excessive fertilizer supplementation obsolete that would otherwise be necessary to maintain good water quality for the fish and an optimal nutrient solution for the plants.

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A brief illustrated history of desalination

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Recent advances in ion selectivity with capacitive deionization

Desalination: From Ancient to Present and Future

Improving nutrient and water use efficiencies in multi-loop aquaponics systems

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