A Brief on Emerging Materials and Its Photovoltaic Application

Comparative Study of Distinct Halide Composites for Highly Efficient Cesium-Based Perovskite Solar Cells

“…Over several decades, extensive research has been conducted for enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of environmentally friendly renewable solar cells, − which have the potential to substitute diminishing fossil fuels. In the past ten years, numerous investigators have conducted studies on perovskite solar cells (PSCs) and observed a substantial improvement in their PCE. − The exceptional characteristics of these materials, such as a significantly high absorption coefficient, an adjustable band gap, an extended carrier diffusion length, enhanced carrier mobility, a reduced trap state density, a lower excitons binding energy, and a cost-effective processing method, have facilitated their achievement of this remarkable accomplishment. − The typical perovskite composition is presented by the chemical formulation ABX 3 , wherein A represents an inorganic or organic cation (MA, FA/Cs) and B represents a heavy metal (Sn, Pb, Ge), followed by an X signifying a halide anion (Cl, Br, and I). − The hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have blazed a trail toward a more efficient light-harvesting material. PSC efficiency has now increased from 3% to 25.6%. − The versatile frequency of the PSCs enables them to efficiently capture the light of varying frequencies in different layers, thereby enhancing PCE. − …”

Design Principles of a Novel Triple Perovskite Absorber for Efficiency Enhancement: An Optimization Study

“…After years of exclusive research for improving the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of non-pollutant, renewable solar cells that may efficiently replace depleting fossil fuels, perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are considered as suitable among other conventional solar devices. − The significant characteristics that consist of a much higher absorption coefficient (α), variable band gaps, extension in carrier diffusion lengths, higher charge mobilities, lowest trap density, lower exciton binding energy, and reduced manufacturing charge have aided these PSCs to achieve elevated performance. − The general structure of the perovskite material is expressed as ABX 3 , and in the given context, A represents either an organic or inorganic cation, specifically methylammonium (MA), formamidinium (FA), or Cs, B denotes a heavy metal, including Sn, Pb, or Ge, and X signifies a halide anion, namely, Cl, Br, or I. , Hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites have demonstrated significant progress in the development of an enhanced light-harvesting material. The efficiency of PSCs has experienced a notable enhancement, rising from 3 to 25.6%. − Because of the tunable band gap, the PSCs enable capturing of different light frequencies that are incident on the absorber layer; therefore, the PCE can be elevated. , …”

Chlorine‐doped perovskite materials for highly efficient perovskite solar cell design offering an efficiency of nearly 29%

“…The last 10 years are considered to be the most enthusiastic years in developing solar cells after the introduction of the new materials used in solar cells, especially absorbers like perovskite (PVK), 1–4 which significantly boosts the output parameters 5–12 . Organic–inorganic solar cells lead to obtaining higher conversion efficiency than other materials for lower cost and the easiest or cheaper fabrication methodology 13 .…”