A Brief Overview of the Oral Delivery of Insulin as an Alternative to the Parenteral Delivery

Macedo, Ana S.; Filipe, Patrícia; Thomé, Natália G.; Vieira, João; Oliveira, Carolina; Teodósio, Catarina; Ferreira, Raquel; Roque, Luís; Fonte, Pedro

doi:10.2174/1566524019666191010095522

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…However, oral formulation would allow patients to have better comfort and most probably improve their compliance. Additionally, it is estimated that only about 20% of insulin administered subcutaneously reaches the hepatic circulation [158]. The oral dosage mimics the natural, endogenous route of insulin secreted by pancreatic beta cells to the portal circulation [159,160].…”

Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current and Promising Oral Delivery Methods for Protein- and Peptide-Based Drugs

Nicze,

Borówka,

Dec

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Drugs based on peptides and proteins (PPs) have been widely used in medicine, beginning with insulin therapy in patients with diabetes mellitus over a century ago. Although the oral route of drug administration is the preferred one by the vast majority of patients and improves compliance, medications of this kind due to their specific chemical structure are typically delivered parenterally, which ensures optimal bioavailability. In order to overcome issues connected with oral absorption of PPs such as their instability depending on digestive enzymes and pH changes in the gastrointestinal (GI) system on the one hand, but also their limited permeability across physiological barriers (mucus and epithelium) on the other hand, scientists have been strenuously searching for novel delivery methods enabling peptide and protein drugs (PPDs) to be administered enterally. These include utilization of different nanoparticles, transport channels, substances enhancing permeation, chemical modifications, hydrogels, microneedles, microemulsion, proteolytic enzyme inhibitors, and cell-penetrating peptides, all of which are extensively discussed in this review. Furthermore, this article highlights oral PP therapeutics both previously used in therapy and currently available on the medical market.

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Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Current and Promising Oral Delivery Methods for Protein- and Peptide-Based Drugs

Nicze,

Borówka,

Dec

et al. 2024

IJMS

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“…This administration causes several disadvantages for patients, such as pain during the injection, leading to decreased patient comfort, weight gain, hypoglycemia, edema, lipodystrophy, and skin infections. Besides, the subcutaneous route is not sufficient because only 20% of insulin given can reach hepatic circulation (Macedo et al, 2020).…”

Section: Insulinmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery of Potential Drugs to The Colon: Challenges and Strategies

Iswandana

Putri²,

Larasati³

et al. 2022

Indonesian J Pharm

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Colon-targeted drug delivery systems have been exploited to treat local diseases in the colon, systemic delivery of protein and peptide, and chronotherapeutic drugs. The upper gastrointestinal tract restricts the effective delivery of these drugs. Therefore, several strategies are needed for targeted drugs directly to the colon, such as pH-sensitive polymers, enzyme-sensitive polymers, bacterially degradable polysaccharides, time-dependent polymers, and particulate systems. However, variable physiological conditions of the gastrointestinal tract in individuals cause combinations of these strategies are needed to ensure colonic delivery of the drug. This review presents and discusses several potential drugs and their approaches used to design and develop colon-targeted drug delivery systems for medications with particular characteristics.

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“…The oral delivery of insulin presents several challenges, specifically the poor bioavailability resulting from the low intestinal permeability, lack of efficacy, enzymatic degradation, potential toxicity, lack of specificity, side effects. The use of several types of nanomaterials, such as micelles, liposomes, and hydrogels has enabled oral insulin administration to overcome GIT obstacles [76].…”

Section: Micellesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Treatment Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications: An Update

et al. 2021

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The occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing rapidly at an accelerating rate worldwide. The status of diabetes has changed over the last three generations; whereas before it was deemed a minor disease of older people but currently it is now one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among middle-aged and young people. High blood glucose-mediated functional loss, insulin sensitivity, and insulin deficiency lead to chronic disorders such as Type 1 and Type 2 DM. Traditional treatments of DM, such as insulin sensitization and insulin secretion cause undesirable side effects, leading to patient incompliance and lack of treatment. Nanotechnology in diabetes studies has encouraged the development of new modalities for measuring glucose and supplying insulin that hold the potential to improve the quality of life of diabetics. Other therapies, such as β-cells regeneration and gene therapy, in addition to insulin and oral hypoglycemic drugs, are currently used to control diabetes. The present review highlights the nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems and emerging treatment strategies of DM.

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A Brief Overview of the Oral Delivery of Insulin as an Alternative to the Parenteral Delivery

Cited by 17 publications

References 92 publications

The Current and Promising Oral Delivery Methods for Protein- and Peptide-Based Drugs

The Current and Promising Oral Delivery Methods for Protein- and Peptide-Based Drugs

Delivery of Potential Drugs to The Colon: Challenges and Strategies

Emerging Treatment Strategies for Diabetes Mellitus and Associated Complications: An Update

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