A Brief Overview of the Mechanisms of Cough

Widdicombe, J. G.

doi:10.1002/9780470755846.ch3

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…onstrated that stimulation of cough receptors does not occur at an alveolar or interstitial level, but only in the proximal parts of the respiratory tree (eg, larynx, trachea, bronchi) in different animal models, including dogs. 4 Therefore, the presence of fluid in the alveolar or interstitial spaces should not trigger cough in patients with pulmonary edema, unless the amount of fluid is sufficient to flood the upper airways. In such an event, the fluid would be expected to produce a soft moist cough accompanied by blood-tinged foamy sputum, as observed in human patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Coughing is an important physiological function present in many mammalian species to remove or expel harmful substances, such as foreign bodies, mucus, or debris, from the airways and preserve the normal health of the respiratory tract . Cough can be evoked by stimulation of coughing receptors localized in the larynx, trachea, or bronchi, whereas irritation of smaller bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli does not elicit coughing . Furthermore, the luminal flow in the lower respiratory tract would be too low to generate sufficient shear forces to clear airway mucus and debris from such sites .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Risk Factors for Coughing in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Ferasin¹,

Crews

Biller

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Cough often is reported as the primary clinical sign of congestive heart failure (CHF) in dogs with chronic degenerative myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Concurrent airway disease and compression of the left mainstem bronchus by a large left atrium also have been proposed as potential causes of coughing in these patients.Objectives: To investigate the association between the presence of coughing and different potential causes of cough, including CHF, abnormal radiographic airway pattern, and cardiomegaly in dogs affected by naturally acquired MMVD.Animals: Two hundred six client-owned dogs.Methods: Retrospective analysis performed on medical records of dogs affected by MMVD that underwent full cardiac evaluation, including echocardiographic examination and thoracic radiography.Results: Univariate analyses showed that CHF is not a predictor of coughing (OR = 1.369; 0.723, 2.594), whereas abnormal radiographic airway pattern (OR = 3.650; 2.051, 6.496) and increased left atrial size observed radiographically (OR = 3.637; 1.904, 6.950) or echocardiographically (OR = 2.553; 1.436, 4.539) were significantly associated with coughing in dogs with MMVD. The same risk factors were significant in multivariate analyses.Conclusions and Clinical Importance: This study indicates that CHF is not significantly associated with coughing in dogs with MMVD. Instead, abnormal radiographic airway pattern and left atrial enlargement are associated with coughing in these patients. This important finding should be taken into account when considering diagnosis and clinical management of CHF in these dogs.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors for Coughing in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Ferasin¹,

Crews

Biller

et al. 2013

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“… 32 Abdominal muscles play an important role in expulsive phase. 31 Abdominal muscle endurance of patients with COPD was shown to be lower than that of the healthy subjects. 11 , 16 According to the SAFE index score, which is a multidimensional staging system for COPD, HRQoL evaluation is significantly related to the number of sit-ups in moderate to very severe COPD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Typical cough consists of four phases: inspiratory, compressive, expulsive, and relaxation phases. 31 Coughing involves coordinated contractions of the thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic muscles. 32 Abdominal muscles play an important role in expulsive phase.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between cough-specific quality of life and abdominal muscle endurance, fatigue, and depression in patients with COPD

Arıkan

Savcı

Çalık-Kütükçü

et al. 2015

COPD

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCough is a prevalent symptom that impacts quality of life in COPD. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between cough-specific quality of life, abdominal muscle endurance, fatigue, and depression in stable patients with COPD.MethodsTwenty-eight patients with COPD (mean age 60.6±8.7 years) referred for pulmonary rehabilitation participated in this cross-sectional study. Sit-ups test was used for assessing abdominal muscle endurance. Leicester Cough Questionnare (LCQ) was used to evaluate symptom-specific quality of life. Fatigue perception was evaluated with Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS). Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used for assessing depression level.ResultsThe LCQ total score was significantly associated with number of sit-ups; BDI score; FIS total; physical, cognitive, and psychosocial scores (P<0.05). Scores of the LCQ physical, social, and psychological domains were also significantly related with number of sit-ups, FIS total score, and BDI score (P<0.05). FIS total score and number of sit-ups explained 58% of the variance in LCQ total score (r=0.76, r2=0.577, F(2–20)=12.296, P<0.001).ConclusionChronic cough may adversely affect performance in daily life due to its negative effect on fatigue and decrease abdominal muscle endurance in patients with COPD. Decreased cough-related quality of life is related with increased level of depression in COPD patients. Effects of increased abdominal muscle endurance and decreased fatigue in COPD patients with chronic cough need further investigation.

show abstract

“…The sensory nerve supply to the nose is from the branches of the trigeminal nerve and stimulation of this pathway results in reflex sneezing and secretion but not cough [15]. Cough is said to be mediated exclusively by the vagus nerves [16] and therefore it is not surprising that a mild common cold is not associated with cough as the infection is restricted to the part of the airway supplied by the trigeminal nerves. With more severe URTI the infection and inflammation may spread down the airway to the larynx, trachea and bronchi, and thus involve parts of the airway supplied by the vagus nerves and therefore trigger cough.…”

Section: Trigeminal and Vagus Nervesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cough induced by airway vibration as a model of airway hyperreactivity in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection

Eccles

Lee

2004

Pulmonary Pharmacology & Therapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) have been shown to be hyperreactive to inhaled tussigens such as citric acid and capsaicin, and the authors propose that this may be due to an increased sensitivity of airway receptors that mediate cough. In recent studies we have demonstrated that cough may be induced by vibration of the airway at the level of the throat or chest in patients with URTI but that the same stimuli induce little or no cough in healthy subjects. The difference between the patients with URTI and healthy subjects in their response to airway vibration may be explained on the basis of hyperreactivity of airway sensory receptors. We propose that the model of cough induced by airway vibration may be useful for studies on the pathophysiology and pharmacology of airway hyperreactivity in acute cough. The airway vibration model of cough may have some advantages over inhaled tussigens as the stimulus is easily controlled and the method is safe for use in children.

show abstract

A Brief Overview of the Mechanisms of Cough

Cited by 6 publications

References 28 publications

Risk Factors for Coughing in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Risk Factors for Coughing in Dogs with Naturally Acquired Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

The relationship between cough-specific quality of life and abdominal muscle endurance, fatigue, and depression in patients with COPD

Cough induced by airway vibration as a model of airway hyperreactivity in patients with acute upper respiratory tract infection

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About