A Brief Review of Phasor Measurement Units as Sensors for Smart Grid

Mohanta, Dusmanta Kumar; Cherukuri, Murthy; Roy, Diptendu Sinha

doi:10.1080/15325008.2015.1117538

Cited by 59 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 109 publications

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“…In the past few decades, the PMU has carved its niche as an important sensor for estimating the state of the power system [5]. The PMUs are installed at the electrical nodes, which are usually separated by large geographical distances.…”

Section: A Brief Description Of the Wamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The reliable operation of the PMUs and their communication infrastructure is paramount for the safe operation of the grid. A state-of-the-art review of the various methods for reliability analysis of the PMUs is presented in [5]. However, the literature available on the reliability analysis of the SPCS is very sparse.…”

Section: Optimal Placement Of Spcs and Their Reliability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications

Appasani

Mohanta

2018

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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The present-day power system is a complex network that caters to the demands of several applications with diverse energy requirements. Such a complex network is susceptible to faults caused due to several reasons such as the failure of the equipment, hostile weather conditions, etc. These faults if not detected in the real-time may lead to cascading failures resulting in a blackout. These blackouts have catastrophic consequences which result in a huge loss of resources. For example, a blackout in 2004 caused an economic loss of 10 billion U.S dollars as per the report of the Electricity Consumers Resource Council. Subsequent investigation of the blackout revealed that the catastrophe could have been prevented if there was an early warning system. Similar other blackouts across the globe forced the power system engineers to devise an effective solution for real-time monitoring and control of the power system. The consequence of these efforts is the wide area measurement system (WAMS). The WAMS consists of several sensors known as the phasor measurement units (PMUs) that collect the real information pertaining to the health of the power grid. This information in the form time synchronized voltage and current phasors is communicated to the central control center or the phasor data concentrator (PDC) where the data is analyzed for detection of power system anomalies. The communication of the synchrophasor data from each PMU to the PDC constitutes the synchrophasor communication system (SPCS). Thus, the SPCS can be considered as the edifice of the WAMS and its reliable operation is essential for the effective monitoring and control of the power system. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the various synchrophasor communication technologies, communication standards and applications. It also identifies the existing knowledge gaps and the scope for future research work.

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Section: A Brief Description Of the Wamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Optimal Placement Of Spcs and Their Reliability Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications

Appasani

Mohanta

2018

Prot Control Mod Power Syst

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“…A historical perspective of SMT/PMU can be found elsewhere . Very recent review papers on the subject, covering state‐of‐the‐art applications and offering exhaustive bibliographic references, are available …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,3 Very recent review papers on the subject, covering state-of-the-art applications and offering exhaustive bibliographic references, are available. 4,5 Among the various applications of SMT/PMU, 6,7 we are interested here in the important topic of remotely monitoring the operation state of high-or extrahigh-voltage long overhead power lines (MTL systems). This can be done by resorting to synchronized measurements of MTL voltage and current phasors, enabling the estimation of the power line constants (per unit length impedance Z and per unit length admittance Y).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A rigorous matrix procedure for calculating the line constants and wave parameters of uniform MTLs using SMT/PMU

Faria

Araneo

2017

Int Trans Electr Energ Syst

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SummaryReal-time monitoring of the operation state of wide-area transmission line links has become possible with the help of phasor meter units. Synchronized information acquired by phasor meter units needs to be adequately processed to permit the accurate estimation of the line constants of the transmission link. In this paper, a novel general rigorous compact procedure for correctly processing the measured voltage and current phasors of uniform multiconductor transmission line systems is proposed. The procedure based on the ABCD matrix and on modal analysis techniques applies to transposed or untransposed multiconductor transmission lines, with arbitrary geometry, number of conductors, and length. The proposed algorithm, adequate for multiport structures, avoids the approximations usually required by ordinary methods mostly focused on lumped parameters and on 2-port approaches. The proposed matrix procedure is illustrated and validated using simulation results. A historical perspective of SMT/PMU can be found elsewhere.2,3 Very recent review papers on the subject, covering state-of-the-art applications and offering exhaustive bibliographic references, are available. 4,5Among the various applications of SMT/PMU, 6,7 we are interested here in the important topic of remotely monitoring the operation state of high-or extrahigh-voltage long overhead power lines (MTL systems). This can be done by resorting to synchronized measurements of MTL voltage and current phasors, enabling the estimation of the power line constants (per unit length impedance Z and per unit length admittance Y). Once the computed estimates are compared with reference values stored in a database the state of operation of the MTL system can be checked, allowing planners to make judicious decisions.Although not new, the topic of the estimation of line constants using SMT/PMU data has been attracting more and more attention. [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] In particular, the work in Lowe 19 provides a very good review and discussion of the main methods used to estimate the line constants of perfectly transposed and untransposed 3-phase lines, with emphasis on the untransposed case. --------------------------------------------------------------This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…Due to their ubiquity, synchrophasors have an increased attack surface. The applications and challenges of synchrophasors are wellresearched [36][37][38][39][40][41]. However, the challenges of data quality and cybersecurity are considered one independent of the other, when in reality, they are interdependent .…”

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confidence: 99%

Survey on synchrophasor data quality and cybersecurity challenges, and evaluation of their interdependencies

Sundararajan

Khan

Moghadasi

2018

J. Mod. Power Syst. Clean Energy

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Synchrophasor devices guarantee situation awareness for real-time monitoring and operational visibility of the smart grid. With their widespread implementation, significant challenges have emerged, especially in communication, data quality and cybersecurity. The existing literature treats these challenges as separate problems, when in reality, they have a complex interplay. This paper conducts a comprehensive review of quality and cybersecurity challenges for synchrophasors, and identifies the interdependencies between them. It also summarizes different methods used to evaluate the dependency and surveys how quality checking methods can be used to detect potential cyberattacks. In doing so, this paper serves as a starting point for researchers entering the fields of synchrophasor data analytics and security.

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A Brief Review of Phasor Measurement Units as Sensors for Smart Grid

Cited by 59 publications

References 109 publications

A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications

A review on synchrophasor communication system: communication technologies, standards and applications

A rigorous matrix procedure for calculating the line constants and wave parameters of uniform MTLs using SMT/PMU

Survey on synchrophasor data quality and cybersecurity challenges, and evaluation of their interdependencies

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