A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Recycling

Lewandowski, Krzysztof; Skórczewska, Katarzyna

doi:10.3390/polym14153035

Cited by 110 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…The first strategy involves recycling and reusing PVC waste. Various effective processes have been employed for the recycling of PVC [ 14 , 15 , 16 ]. The second strategy involves the addition of stabilizers to suppress the photodecomposition, which can lead to the deterioration of properties and shortening of the duration of useful life for PVC [ 17 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Methyldopa–Tin Complexes and Their Applicability as Photostabilizers for the Protection of Polyvinyl Chloride against Photolysis

et al. 2022

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a ubiquitous thermoplastic that is produced on an enormous industrial scale to meet growing global demand. PVC has many favorable properties and is used in various applications. However, photodecomposition occurs when harsh conditions, such as high temperatures in the presence of oxygen and moisture, are encountered. Thus, PVC is blended with additives to increase its resistance to deterioration caused by exposure to ultraviolet light. In the current research, five methyldopa–tin complexes were synthesized and characterized. The methyldopa–tin complexes were mixed with PVC at a concentration of 0.5% by weight, and thin films were produced. The capability of the complexes to protect PVC from irradiation was shown by a reduction in the formation of small residues containing alcohols, ketones, and alkenes, as well as in weight loss and in the molecular weight of irradiated polymeric blends. In addition, the use of the new additives significantly reduced the roughness factor of the irradiated films. The additives containing aromatic substituents (phenyl rings) were more effective compared to those comprising aliphatic substituents (butyl and methyl groups). Methyldopa–tin complexes have the ability to absorb radiation, coordinate with polymeric chains, and act as radical, peroxide, and hydrogen chloride scavengers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Methyldopa–Tin Complexes and Their Applicability as Photostabilizers for the Protection of Polyvinyl Chloride against Photolysis

et al. 2022

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“…It is known that the recycling of PVC is more difficult than that of other general plastics, due to its poor thermal stability and complex composition. PVC may undergo severe degradation under high temperature conditions, and the produced hydrochloric acid gas (HCl) can accelerate its thermal decomposition process, while its dangerous degradation products cause serious corrosion to processing equipment [ 110 ]. Thus, thermal stabilizer is one of the most important additives for PVC, such as Ca/Zn and sulfur organotins.…”

Section: Recycling Technology Of Plastic Packaging Wastesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Key to Solving Plastic Packaging Wastes: Design for Recycling and Recycling Technology

Ding

Zhu

2023

Polymers

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Confronted with serious environmental problems caused by the growing mountains of plastic packaging waste, the prevention and control of plastic waste has become a major concern for most countries. In addition to the recycling of plastic wastes, design for recycling can effectively prevent plastic packaging from turning into solid waste at the source. The reasons are that the design for recycling can extend the life cycle of plastic packaging and increase the recycling values of plastic waste; moreover, recycling technologies are helpful for improving the properties of recycled plastics and expanding the application market for recycled materials. This review systematically discussed the present theory, practice, strategies, and methods of design for recycling plastic packaging and extracted valuable advanced design ideas and successful cases. Furthermore, the development status of automatic sorting methods, mechanical recycling of individual and mixed plastic waste, as well as chemical recycling of thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic waste, were comprehensively summarized. The combination of the front-end design for recycling and the back-end recycling technologies can accelerate the transformation of the plastic packaging industry from an unsustainable model to an economic cycle model and then achieve the unity of economic, ecological, and social benefits.

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“…Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is polymerized under certain conditions by the free radical polymerization reaction (Sun 2014). Because of its biocompatibility, chemical stability, and resistance to sterilization and oxygen barrier (Lewandowski and Skórczewska 2022), it has become one of the most common plastic materials and one of the most common solid wastes. It is widely used in construction materials, daily necessities, industrial products, etc (Garcia et al 2007;Burat, Güney, and Olgaç Kangal 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main recycling methods of PVC are re-extrusion, gasi cation, hydrocracking, thermal cracking, catalytic cracking, chemical depolymerization and Secondary machinery recycling (Goodman 2014; Mehdi Sadat-Shojai and Bakhshandeh 2011). These traditional recycling disposal methods can cause serious air and water pollution (Lewandowski and Skórczewska 2022). At the same time, PVC incineration and pyrolysis will produce dioxins and other toxic substances, which will have a negative impact on human health (Wei, Li, and Liu 2022).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Removal of HCl produced by PVC pyrolysis using CaO

Wang

Pang

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is a polymer made by free radical polymerization and is a common plastic raw material in our life. Currently, one of the ways to recycle PVC is to burn and pyrolysis it, and the HCl produced by pyrolysis has adverse effects on the environment and the human body. The objective of this research was to the pyrolysis of PVC during slow pyrolysis in a tubular heating furnace. Moreover, to evaluate the effect of different temperatures with different calcium oxide (CaO) addition ratios on the removal of HCl generated by PVC pyrolysis. In addition, the tar and gas produced by pyrolysis were also analyzed. Firstly, the solid-phase products resulting from the co-pyrolysis of PVC with CaO addition were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray energy spectrometry (EDS). Next, the crystalline content of the solid phase products was analyzed using X-ray diffractometry (XRD). FTIR analysis of the liquid-phase products of PVC pyrolysis under CaO addition was performed. The gas phase products were analyzed by GC for common gas compositions. The results showed that more reactive sites were provided at a Ca/Cl addition ratio of 2:1. The peak value of alkaline calcium chloride was highest at 500°C, which indicates that the removal of HCl is best at 500°C. It was observed that the HCl removal efficiency reached 93.4% at a Ca/Cl ratio of 2:1 at a temperature of 550°C. This study provides a new theoretical basis for the pyrolytic removal of HCl from PVC.

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A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Recycling

Cited by 110 publications

References 112 publications

Synthesis of Methyldopa–Tin Complexes and Their Applicability as Photostabilizers for the Protection of Polyvinyl Chloride against Photolysis

Synthesis of Methyldopa–Tin Complexes and Their Applicability as Photostabilizers for the Protection of Polyvinyl Chloride against Photolysis

The Key to Solving Plastic Packaging Wastes: Design for Recycling and Recycling Technology

Removal of HCl produced by PVC pyrolysis using CaO

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