A Brief Review on Cross-linking in Hydrogel

Maitra, Jaya

doi:10.9734/bpi/racms/v3/2244c

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…The results of experiment 11 show that the low gel fraction value forms little cross-linking, which causes the mechanical properties of the hydrogel to be brittle, resulting in a lot of water being absorbed in the hydrogel. In research [7] mentioned that the degree of crosslinking has an influence on the nature of the network, if the network formed is not tight and strong, it results in a gap for water to enter, causing the mechanical properties of the hydrogel to be more vulnerable to water. If observed at a glance, this is influenced by the hydrogel formulation, which has a 10% PVA concentration, a freeze-thaw cycle once, and an annealing temperature of 80 o C.…”

Section: Crosslinking Pva Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cross-links are network structures that produce new bonds, either ionic or covalent. The freeze thaw technique is a physical approach for creating hydrogels that works by crosslinking the polymer mixture through cold cycles of up to -20oC and raising the temperature to room temperature [7]. This approach turns liquid polymers into solids or gels by preventing the polymer from changing shape.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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H-PVA Cross-Linking Mechanism Prepared By Freeze-Thaw And Annealing: Optimizing Gel Fraction And Swelling

Tsaniatri,

Mulia,

Krisanti

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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PVA has attracted attention as a material in the formation of hydrogels for drug release media. Crosslinking is one of the keys to hydrogel formation. Gel fraction, swelling ratio, and degree of crystallinity are parameters used to determine the enhancement of crosslinking and the formation of mechanical properties of hydrogels. H-PVA was synthesized through freeze-thaw and annealing processes and optimized by Box-Behnken design. Analysis of the degree of crystallinity revealed that the freeze-thaw and annealing processes formed and increased crosslinking. This is supported by data from the gel fraction analysis, which indicates that the number of crosslinks increases and the swelling ratio decreases, indicating that the hydrogel structure is strong enough to withstand water absorption. The results of the design of the experiment (DOE) showed that simultaneously the model was able to explain the presence of crosslinks formed in H-PVA, as seen from the p-value >0.0001 and the statistical test results R2 = 0.99 (close to 1). Optimal conditions were found at a PVA concentration of 18.972 (%w/v), a freeze-thaw cycle of three times, and an annealing temperature of 92 °C.

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Section: Crosslinking Pva Hydrogelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

H-PVA Cross-Linking Mechanism Prepared By Freeze-Thaw And Annealing: Optimizing Gel Fraction And Swelling

Tsaniatri,

Mulia,

Krisanti

2024

E3S Web Conf.

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“…Conversely, crosslinking involves forming bridges between polymer chains through crosslinkers, which are molecules possessing two or more reactive points capable of attaching to specific functional groups. This process generates a network, resulting in a porous material that can retain substantial quantities of water or other fluids [13], [14]. The FTIR results show that a high concentration of carboxylate groups (as acrylates) in the hydrogel results in a strong affinity for water.…”

Section: Ppa Performance On Water Adsorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption of Water Content in Biodiesel Blends using Potassium Polyacrylate: Impact on Acid Number

Matheofani,

Tresna Pratiwi,

Amri

et al. 2024

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Many countries worldwide have implemented the use of biodiesel as a blend with diesel fuel. Since 2023, Indonesia has implemented the use of biodiesel blends up to 35% (B35). As the use of biodiesel as a blend increases, more stringent requirements, particularly regarding water content, have been enforced. In the field of water treatment, hydrogels, specifically potassium polyacrylate (PPA), are utilized to reduce water content by adsorbing water molecules in biodiesel blends. Elevated water content can have detrimental effects on the quality of biodiesel blends. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PPA in adsorbing water content in biodiesel blends. The experiment involved a 60-minute water removal process conducted at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The adsorption results were then analyzed for water content and acid number and compared to predefined specifications. Additionally, an acidity test was conducted to assess the impact of PPA on water adsorption. The research findings demonstrated that PPA was capable of adsorbing approximately 84.47% of water molecules without affecting the acid number of the biodiesel blends. The final measured water content was determined to be 66.03 ppm, and the acid number was found to be 0.14 mg KOH/g, both satisfying the quality requirements specified by the government.

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“…In order to generally improve the mechanical strength of hydrogels, the polymer chains can either be covalently linked through a chemical reaction with e.g. glutardialdehyde [23,24] , boric acid [25] or stabilized through intermolecular interactions, like hydrophobic interactions [26] , H-bonding [27] . The interpenetrating polymer network [26] can also be chemically cross-linked to further enhance the mechanical strength.…”

Section: Crack Healingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microencapsulation – A versatile process transforming disperse fluids and solutions into perfectly spherical Microspheres and Microcapsules for controlled active agent release

Mützel,

Augustin,

Brandau

2023

ce papers

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Microspheres can be found in all areas of our daily lives, as they are essential ingredients in medicine, cosmetics, food or fertilizers. However, their application in building materials is scarce, as high requirements, such as chemical, thermal and mechanical stability, and limited efficient methods for microgranules and controllable drug delivery have impeded further applications. The patented drip‐casting process of BRACE offers an easy and efficient access to perfectly spherical and highly monodisperse Microspheres and Microcapsules (15 μm – 15000 μm) from dispersions, melts, solutions or emulsions. While Microspheres integrate an active agent into a matrix (matrix‐encapsulation), Microcapsules consist of a core and a membrane (core‐shell principle). Both encapsulation methods provide straight forward design capabilities for the materials of the future especially in the construction industry, where controlled released of active agents is an essential tool for self‐healing concrete. Within this paper, the challenges within the encapsulation of active agents for building materials including long‐term stability in harsh conditions will be discussed and adequate solutions towards active Microspheres applicable for self‐healing concrete presented.

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A Brief Review on Cross-linking in Hydrogel

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

H-PVA Cross-Linking Mechanism Prepared By Freeze-Thaw And Annealing: Optimizing Gel Fraction And Swelling

H-PVA Cross-Linking Mechanism Prepared By Freeze-Thaw And Annealing: Optimizing Gel Fraction And Swelling

Adsorption of Water Content in Biodiesel Blends using Potassium Polyacrylate: Impact on Acid Number

Microencapsulation – A versatile process transforming disperse fluids and solutions into perfectly spherical Microspheres and Microcapsules for controlled active agent release

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