A brief review on red to near-infrared persistent luminescence in transition-metal-activated phosphors

Research progress of Mn doped phosphors

“…Most of these rare-earth ions are very expensive and some chloride and oxide doped rare-earth elements are toxic and harmful, which limit their [43][44][45] On the basis of coordination and the T-S diagram, due to weaker crystal symmetry (angular constraints) and stronger ligand eld strength (interionic distance) than that of the four/six-coordinated environments, it is feasible to speculate that the ve/seven-coordinated environments of the Mn 2+ ion are good for NIR emission generation. [46][47][48][49] There is a complete list of known green to NIR persistent phosphors activated by Mn 2+ in Table 3.…”

Photoluminescent nanoplatforms in biomedical applications

“…The excitation energy in the trapping sites can be stored for long periods of time and the release can be stimulated either thermally or optically. After the release of electrons, the recombination of electrons and holes produces an emission in the NIR or Vis range of the electromagnetic spectrum [48][49][50][51][52][53].…”

Efficient Blue to Red Afterglow Tuning in a Binary Nanocomposite Plastic Film

“…Novel Cr/Ga-free persistent phosphors are being explored such as Zn 3 Ga 2 Ge 2 O 10 :Ni 2+ [13], LaAlO 3 :Mn 4+ ,Ge 4+ [14], BaZrSi 3 O 9 : Eu 2+ , Pr 3+ [15], KGaGeO 4 :Bi 3+ [16], semiconducting polymer [17], metal organic framework [18]. To date, Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ still represents one of the most efficient commercial ones [19,20]. However, there is still not a red persistent phosphor with afterglow properties close to the commercialized blue or green ones.…”

“…Inspired by these previous works, we propose that persistent spectral tuning can be realized efficiently by exploring known persistent nanophosphors via color conversion. Here, a blue persistent nanophosphor, SiO 2 /Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ nanoparticle (SMS), is chosen as a blue persistent energy donor as Sr 2 MgSi 2 O 7 :Eu 2+ ,Dy 3+ is currently one of the most efficient blue persistent phosphors [27,28] and can be easily synthesized in nanoscale [19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29]. CaAlSiN 3 :Eu 2+ (CASN), which is one of the most efficient red color conversion phosphors in LED industry, is used as a color conversion phosphor [30,31,32].…”