A brief review on the use of functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) for language imaging studies in human newborns and adults

Physiology, Psychoacoustics and Cognition in Normal and Impaired Hearing

“…The depth of imaging is limited, so that it is only suitable for imaging areas of the cortex near the surface [although other designs of fNIRS systems that use lasers instead of diodes and use pulsatile stimuli can derive 3-dimensional images of the brain, at least in infants (Cooper et al 2014)]. However, fNIRS has been successfully used in a range of studies to determine effects on language processing in hearing populations of adults and children (Quaresima et al 2012), therefore it shows promise for assessing language processing in deaf populations and those with cochlear implants.…”

Studying the effects of smell and taste experience in the pediatric population using functional near infrared spectroscopy: A hypothesis

“…Furthermore, in contrast to fMRI, fNIRS allows subjects to receive chemical stimuli in an upright position rather than a supine position [32], which may be probably more comfortable for children. Indeed, optic fibers are easily adapted to anybody posture and head position, which allows any research or clinical team of professionals to perform measurements of OH and DOH concentrations in naturalistic environments [35].…”

Designing and Implementing a Portable Near-Infrared Imaging System for Monitoring of Human's Brain Functional Activity1

“…Since 1998, more than 60 fNIRS studies have been done on infants, children and adults carrying out language and speech related tasks to understand cotrical activation measured using fNIRS in the brain's classic language areas [77]. Because NIRS is relatively insensitive to motion artifacts, it allows the use of overt speech tasks and the investigation of verbal conversation [78].…”