A Brief Review: Testosterone and Resistance Exercise in Men

Loebel, C. C.; Kraemer, William J.

doi:10.1519/1533-4287(1998)012<0057:abrtar>2.3.co;2

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Testosterone is a cholesterol-derived hormone that has a considerable anabolic effect on muscle tissue (33,105). In addition to its effects on muscle, testosterone also can interact with receptors on neurons and thereby increase the amount of neurotransmitters released, regenerate nerves, and increase cell body size.…”

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the blood, the great majority of testosterone is bound to either albumin (38%) or steroid hormone binding globulin (60%), with the remaining 2% circulating in an unbound state. Although only the unbound form is biologically active and available for use by tissues, weakly bound testosterone can become active by rapidly disassociating from albumin (105). Unbound testosterone binds to androgen receptors of target tissues, which are located in the cell's cytoplasm.…”

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy and Their Application to Resistance Training

Schöenfeld¹

2010

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

812

629

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The quest to increase lean body mass is widely pursued by those who lift weights. Research is lacking, however, as to the best approach for maximizing exercise-induced muscle growth. Bodybuilders generally train with moderate loads and fairly short rest intervals that induce high amounts of metabolic stress. Powerlifters, on the other hand, routinely train with high-intensity loads and lengthy rest periods between sets. Although both groups are known to display impressive muscularity, it is not clear which method is superior for hypertrophic gains. It has been shown that many factors mediate the hypertrophic process and that mechanical tension, muscle damage, and metabolic stress all can play a role in exercise-induced muscle growth. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is twofold: (a) to extensively review the literature as to the mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and their application to exercise training and (b) to draw conclusions from the research as to the optimal protocol for maximizing muscle growth.

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Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy and Their Application to Resistance Training

Schöenfeld¹

2010

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

812

629

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The vast majority of circulating testosterone is bound to either albumin (38%) or steroid hormone binding globulin (60%), with the remaining 2% circulating in an unbound state. Although only the unbound form is biologically active and available for use by tissues, weakly bound testosterone can become active by its rapid disassociation from albumin (44). Unbound testosterone binds to androgen receptors (ARs) of target tissues located in the cell cytoplasm.…”

Section: Testosteronementioning

confidence: 99%

Postexercise Hypertrophic Adaptations

Schöenfeld

2013

Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research

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It has been well documented in the literature that resistance training can promote marked increases in skeletal muscle mass. Postexercise hypertrophic adaptations are mediated by a complex enzymatic cascade whereby mechanical tension is molecularly transduced into anabolic and catabolic signals that ultimately lead to a compensatory response, shifting muscle protein balance to favor synthesis over degradation. Myocellular signaling is influenced, in part, by the endocrine system. Various hormones have been shown to alter the dynamic balance between anabolic and catabolic stimuli in muscle, helping to mediate an increase or decrease in muscle protein accretion. Resistance training can have an acute impact on the postexercise secretion of several of these hormones including insulin-like growth factor, testosterone, and growth hormone (GH). Studies show that hormonal spikes are magnified after hypertrophy-type exercise that involves training at moderate intensities with shortened rest intervals as compared with high-intensity strength-oriented training. The observed positive relationship between anabolic hormones and hypertrophy-type training has led to the hormone hypothesis, which postulates that acute postexercise hormonal secretions mediate increases in muscle size. Several researchers have suggested that these transient hormonal elevations may be more critical to hypertrophic adaptations than chronic changes in resting hormonal concentrations. Theoretically, high levels of circulating hormones increase the likelihood of interaction with receptors, which may have particular hypertrophic importance in the postworkout period when muscles are primed for anabolism. Moreover, hormonal spikes may enhance intracellular signaling so that postexercise protein breakdown is rapidly attenuated and anabolic processes are heightened, thereby leading to a greater supercompensatory response. Although the hormone hypothesis has received considerable support in the literature, several researchers have questioned its veracity, with some speculating that the purpose of postexercise hormonal elevations is to mobilize fuel stores rather than promote tissue anabolism. Therefore, the purpose of this article will be to critically and objectively review the current literature, and then draw relevant conclusions as to the potential role of acute systemic factors on muscle protein accretion.

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“…Portanto, nestas condições, a presença da insulina parece ter maior importância para o anabolismo muscular, pois, assim como a testosterona à insulina também é um hormônio anabólico e, além disso, a síntese muscular só ocorre perante a presença de açucares e principalmente de proteínas, sendo assim fundamental a ingestão de proteínas e carboidratos imediatamente após o treinamento. Uma estratégia bastante interessante para controlar os níveis de cortisol em baixas concentrações durante o estado de repouso por r R Re ev vi is st ta a d de e D De es sp po or rt to o e e S Sa aú úd de e da Fundação Técnica e Científica do Desporto até 24 horas após um treinamento de força, parece ser a suplementação de acido ascórbico (1000mg) antes do treinamento 36 . Conseqüentemente proporcionando uma diminuição do catabolismo protéico em repouso.…”

Section: Autorunclassified

A influência do treinamento de força e do treinamento aeróbio sobre as concentrações hormonais de testosterona e cortisol

Araújo¹

2008

Motricidade

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A Brief Review: Testosterone and Resistance Exercise in Men

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy and Their Application to Resistance Training

The Mechanisms of Muscle Hypertrophy and Their Application to Resistance Training

Postexercise Hypertrophic Adaptations

A influência do treinamento de força e do treinamento aeróbio sobre as concentrações hormonais de testosterona e cortisol

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