A brief review: the therapeutic potential of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells in myocardial infarction

Abstract

Myocardial infarction (MI) results in dysfunction and irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes and is among the most serious health threats today. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), with their capacity for multidirectional differentiation, low immunogenicity, and high portability, can serve as ideal seed cells in cardiovascular disease therapy. In this review, we examine recent literature concerning the application of BMSCs for the treatment of MI and consider the following aspects: activity of transplanted cells, migration and homing of BMSCs, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects of BMSCs, anti-fibrotic activity of BMSCs, the role of BMSCs in angiogenesis, and differentiation of BMSCs into cardiomyocyte-like cells and endothelial cells. Each aspect is complementary to the others and together they promote the repair of cardiomyocytes by BMSCs after MI. Although transplantation of BMSCs has enabled new options for MI treatment, the critical issue we must now address is the reduced viability of transplanted BMSCs due to inadequate blood supply, poor nourishment of cells, and generation of free radicals. More clinical trials are needed to prove the therapeutic potential of BMSCs in MI.

Thermosensitive, fast gelling, photoluminescent, highly flexible, and degradable hydrogels for stem cell delivery

“…MSCs have been used for myocardial infarction therapy and ischemic limb treatment [1, 93–96]. Studies have shown that MSCs can improve cardiac function, and promote vascularization in ischemic limbs [1, 93–96]. The major contribution of MSCs lies in their paracrine effects which provide multiple growth factors necessary for cell survival and angiogenesis.…”

“…The major contribution of MSCs lies in their paracrine effects which provide multiple growth factors necessary for cell survival and angiogenesis. These growth factors include but are not limited to IGF-1, HGF, bFGF, VEGF, and PDGF [1, 93–96]. Approaches that stimulate MSC paracrine effects are attractive as they may increase therapeutic efficacy.…”

Stammzellen in der Regenerativen Medizin – Translationale Hürden und Möglichkeiten zur Überwindung

“…Das regenerative Potenzial von Stammzellen ist eines der Hot Topics im Bereich der medizinischen Forschung. Sie werden eingesetzt, um die Folgen von myokardialen Infarkten zu limitieren, um Erkrankungen, die primär auf eine auto-inflammatorische Genese zurückzuführen sind, beispielsweise Morbus Crohn, zu bekämpfen, oder um chronische Wunden zu heilen [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Bei all diesen Ansätzen ist das regenerative Potential der Stammzellen wissenschaftlich unangezweifelt.…”

“…"Homing" bedeutet hier, dass die MSCs zu Arealen migrieren, in denen ihr regeneratives Potential gebraucht wird [3]. Es wird vermutet, dass die MSCs aktiviert werden und in den Blutkreislauf gelangen, sobald eine Verletzung im Körper vorliegt oder Zellen gestresst werden [21,24].…”

Analysis of Bone Marrow-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell Kinetics after Short-term Stimulation with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α)

“…Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), which can be collected from patients and easily cultured in the laboratory, have a considerable potential for self-renewal and multi-differentiation into various functional cells 9,10) . The use of BMSCs in applications such as the treatment of severe burn injury, bone regeneration and myocardial reproduction, has featured in human clinical trials 9,11,12) . Hence, BMSCs are widely expected to play an important part in the future of regenerative medicine.…”