“…The majority of studies have enrolled older adults using crosssectional designs where participants provided retrospective reports on perceived changes in pain since the pandemic. 6,22,39 Findings have been equivocal, some indicating increases in pain intensity and disability, 6,22,39 whereas others demonstrating mixed results 2,15,27,35 or improvements in pain. 1,5,10,13 Moreover, few have used prospective designs.…”