A broader perspective on the economics of malaria prevention and the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2

Ramponi, Francesco; Lopes-Rafegas, Iris; Saúte, Francisco

doi:10.1038/s41467-022-30273-z

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The ten countries with the highest malaria burden in 2019 were all from LMICs in the African region. Even though malaria is a preventable and treatable communicable disease, there are challenges to control on the long road to elimination [ 3 , 25 ], it continues to have a devastating impact on the health and livelihoods of people around the world, driven by multiple factors, including local weather, the economy, and the fragile health system in these malaria-endemic countries [ 26 , 27 ]. Over the past few decades, communicable diseases such as malaria have captured much of the global attention and resources [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trends in the burden of non-communicable diseases in countries with the highest malaria burden, 1990–2019: Evaluating the double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases in epidemiological transition

Shi

et al. 2022

Global Health

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Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are rapidly increasing in sub-Saharan African countries, where 96% of global malaria deaths occur. This study aimed to investigate the disease burden of NCDs in countries with the current highest malaria mortality. Methods Data for this study were obtained from the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study (1990–2019). We selected the ten countries with malaria’s highest age-standardised mortality rate (ASMR) and identified and ranked the five NCDs with the highest ASMR in each country. Measures of the NCDs disease burden included ASMR, age-standardised disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), years of life lost (YLL) and years lost due to a disability (YLD). The Estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) was used to examine the trends of the NCDs disease burden from 1990 to 2019. Results As of 2019, the ASMR of chronic liver disease, kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, hypertensive heart disease and stroke were higher than the global average. From 1990 to 2019, the ASMR for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias, type II diabetes mellitus, and chronic kidney disease increased by 3.0%, 10.8%, 13.3%, and the age-standardised DALY rate increased by 3.7%, 27.6%, 6.3%, and the increases tended to be in younger populations. Conclusion The double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases is crippling the health systems of many sub-Saharan African countries and is often neglected. The prevention, surveillance, and control of diseases require an integrated strategy, with governments and non-government organisations aligned and supported by the global initiative.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal trends in the burden of non-communicable diseases in countries with the highest malaria burden, 1990–2019: Evaluating the double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases in epidemiological transition

Shi

et al. 2022

Global Health

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“…The ten countries with the highest malaria burden in 2019 were all from LMICs in the African region. Even though malaria is a communicable disease that is easily preventable and treatable [20] , it continues to have a devastating impact on the health and livelihoods of people around the world, driven by multiple factors, including local weather, the economy, and the fragile health system in these malariaendemic countries [21,22] . Over the past few decades, communicable diseases such as malaria have captured much of the global attention and resources [23] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal Trends in the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in Countries with the Highest Malaria Burden, 1990-2019: Evaluating the Double Burden of Non-Communicable and Communicable Diseases in Epidemiological Transition

Shi

et al. 2022

SSRN Journal

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“…Over the years, milestones such as these have hinged on vector-control strategies such as periodic indoor residual spraying (IRS), distribution of long-lasting insecticide nets (LLINs), increased funding, strengthening of health systems, seasonal malaria chemoprevention in children, preventive chemotherapies (e.g., intermittent preventive treatment in infants and pregnant women), and improved case reporting and surveillance [ 2 ]. Today, the recommendation by the WHO on the use of the RTS, S malaria vaccine for the prevention of Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children living in moderate- to high-transmission areas, as described by the WHO [ 1 ], will further complement these existing interventions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Case Detection Strategy for Malaria Control and Elimination: A 12 Year Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 25 Malaria-Endemic Countries

et al. 2023

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Reactive case detection (RACD) is the screening of household members and neighbors of index cases reported in passive surveillance. This strategy seeks asymptomatic infections and provides treatment to break transmission without testing or treating the entire population. This review discusses and highlights RACD as a recommended strategy for the detection and elimination of asymptomatic malaria as it pertains in different countries. Relevant studies published between January 2010 and September 2022 were identified mainly through PubMed and Google Scholar. Search terms included “malaria and reactive case detection”, “contact tracing”, “focal screening”, “case investigation”, “focal screen and treat”. MedCalc Software was used for data analysis, and the findings from the pooled studies were analyzed using a fixed-effect model. Summary outcomes were then presented using forest plots and tables. Fifty-four (54) studies were systematically reviewed. Of these studies, 7 met the eligibility criteria based on risk of malaria infection in individuals living with an index case < 5 years old, 13 met the eligibility criteria based on risk of malaria infection in an index case household member compared with a neighbor of an index case, and 29 met the eligibility criteria based on risk of malaria infection in individuals living with index cases, and were included in the meta-analysis. Individuals living in index case households with an average risk of 2.576 (2.540–2.612) were more at risk of malaria infection and showed pooled results of high variation heterogeneity chi-square = 235.600, (p < 0.0001) I2 = 98.88 [97.87–99.89]. The pooled results showed that neighbors of index cases were 0.352 [0.301–0.412] times more likely to have a malaria infection relative to index case household members, and this result was statistically significant (p < 0.001). The identification and treatment of infectious reservoirs is critical to successful malaria elimination. Evidence to support the clustering of infections in neighborhoods, which necessitates the inclusion of neighboring households as part of the RACD strategy, was presented in this review.

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A broader perspective on the economics of malaria prevention and the potential impact of SARS-CoV-2

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Temporal trends in the burden of non-communicable diseases in countries with the highest malaria burden, 1990–2019: Evaluating the double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases in epidemiological transition

Temporal trends in the burden of non-communicable diseases in countries with the highest malaria burden, 1990–2019: Evaluating the double burden of non-communicable and communicable diseases in epidemiological transition

Temporal Trends in the Burden of Non-Communicable Diseases in Countries with the Highest Malaria Burden, 1990-2019: Evaluating the Double Burden of Non-Communicable and Communicable Diseases in Epidemiological Transition

Reactive Case Detection Strategy for Malaria Control and Elimination: A 12 Year Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis from 25 Malaria-Endemic Countries

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