A brush-based thermo-physical tyre model and its effectiveness in handling simulation of a Formula SAE vehicle

Ozerem, Ozdemir; Morrey, Denise

doi:10.1177/0954407018759740

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Several advanced tire models using the brush element approach incorporated with thermal effects have been proposed [9][10][11]; however, their parametrization requires intensive test sessions, commonly unfeasible for FS teams. For a FSAE vehicle, less complex models incorporating temperature effect are proposed using the physical approach based on the brush model [12,13]. They demonstrate a good correlation with the experimental tire data collected using the indoor flat track tire test machine [14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tire Model with Temperature Effects for Formula SAE Vehicle

Shyrokau¹,

Harsh

2019

Applied Sciences

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Formula Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) (FSAE) is a student design competition organized by SAE International (previously known as the Society of Automotive Engineers, SAE). Commonly, the student team performs a lap simulation as a point mass, bicycle or planar model of vehicle dynamics allow for the design of a top-level concept of the FSAE vehicle. However, to design different FSAE components, a full vehicle simulation is required including a comprehensive tire model. In the proposed study, the different tires of a FSAE vehicle were tested at a track to parametrize the tire based on the empirical approach commonly known as the magic formula. A thermal tire model was proposed to describe the tread, carcass, and inflation gas temperatures. The magic formula was modified to incorporate the temperature effect on the force capability of a FSAE tire to achieve higher accuracy in the simulation environment. Considering the model validation, the several maneuvers, typical for FSAE competitions, were performed. A skidpad and full lap maneuvers were chosen to simulate steady-state and transient behavior of the FSAE vehicle. The full vehicle simulation results demonstrated a high correlation to the measurement data for steady-state maneuvers and limited accuracy in highly dynamic driving. In addition, the results show that neglecting temperature in the tire model results in higher root mean square error (RMSE) of lateral acceleration and yaw rate.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Tire Model with Temperature Effects for Formula SAE Vehicle

Shyrokau¹,

Harsh

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…For this reason, a lot of researches have been done in the form of experimental and the preparation of suitable mathematical models for the tire. [29][30][31][32][33][34] One of the complete tire models is Pacejka model, which examines the longitudinal and lateral forces of the tire under different inputs such as camber angle and vertical force of the wheels. [35][36][37][38][39] In vehicles, the engine is usually installed in two positions: in-line engine (crankshaft along the length of the vehicle) and transverse engine (crankshaft along the width of the vehicle).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of engine gyroscopic moments on vehicle transient handling

Shahabi

Kazemian

Farahat

et al. 2021

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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This study presents the dynamics of a 15-DOF model of the vehicle by performing simulations to investigate the vehicle handling dynamics in J-turn maneuver. Using Newton’s equations of motion, the equations of motion for the sprung and unsprung masses are all written in the vehicle coordinate system and the tire is modeled with the Pacejka 89 model. Since the engine crankshaft has a rotation relative to the vehicle coordinate system, in order to investigate the effect of the engine gyroscopic moments on the vehicle handling dynamics, the effect of the crankshaft rotation on the torque vector of external forces is considered. The direction of crankshaft rotation can change the direction of engine rotation in the direction of the wheels rotation or in the opposite direction of their rotation, which causes some changes in the gyroscopic torque vector of the engine. Due to the rotation speed of the crankshaft and its moment of inertia, the gyroscopic moments which resulted from the angular momentum of the engine crankshaft are considerable. These gyroscopic moments are added to the torque equation of external forces in the vehicle coordinate system and affect the vehicle handling dynamics. By using the numerical method of Newmark, vehicle’s dynamic behavior is investigated and the validation of its dynamic behavior is done by ADAMS/Car software. This study shows that in transverse engine, if the direction of engine rotation is in the opposite direction of the wheels, the vehicle handling dynamics is improved.

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“…In literature, the first approaches to such issue are related to the modeling of the Fourier equations applied to a three-dimensional domain, in some cases coupled with a mechanical model of the tire [15,16], in other with stand-alone tools able to work together with other interaction formulations, like Pacejka's MF [17], or with FEM [18]. During the past years the focus has moved to highly discretized models able to work in real time [19], whose maximum level of complexity has been requested by motorcycle applications, for which tire contact patch moves along lateral direction of the tread, generating local stress [20] able to modify significantly the whole balance of energy with respect to car tires [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Real-Time Thermal Model for the Analysis of Tire/Road Interaction in Motorcycle Applications

Farroni

Mancinelli²,

Timpone

2020

Applied Sciences

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While in the automotive field the relationship between road adherence and tire temperature is mainly investigated with the aim to enhance the vehicle performance in motorsport, the motorcycle sector is highly sensitive to such theme also from less extreme applications. The small extension of the footprint, along with the need to guarantee driver stability and safety in the widest possible range of riding conditions, requires that tires work as most as possible at a temperature able to let the viscoelastic compounds-constituting the tread and the composite materials of the whole carcass structure-provide the highest interaction force with road. Moreover, both for tire manufacturing companies and for single track vehicles designers and racing teams, a deep knowledge of the thermodynamic phenomena involved at the ground level is a key factor for the development of optimal solutions and setup. This paper proposes a physical model based on the application of the Fourier thermodynamic equations to a three-dimensional domain, accounting for all the sources of heating like friction power at the road interface and the cyclic generation of heat because of rolling and to asphalt indentation, and for the cooling effects because of the air forced convection, to road conduction and to turbulences in the inflation chamber. The complex heat exchanges in the system are fully described and modeled, with particular reference to the management of contact patch position, correlated to camber angle and requiring the adoption of an innovative multi-ribbed and multi-layered tire structure. The completely physical approach induces the need of a proper parameterization of the model, whose main stages are described, both from the experimental and identification points of view, with particular reference to non-destructive procedures for thermal parameters definition. One of the most peculiar and challenging features of the model is linked with its topological and analytical structure, allowing to run in real-time, usefully for the application in co-simulation vehicle dynamics platforms, for performance prediction and setup optimization applications.

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A brush-based thermo-physical tyre model and its effectiveness in handling simulation of a Formula SAE vehicle

Cited by 15 publications

References 11 publications

Tire Model with Temperature Effects for Formula SAE Vehicle

Tire Model with Temperature Effects for Formula SAE Vehicle

The influence of engine gyroscopic moments on vehicle transient handling

A Real-Time Thermal Model for the Analysis of Tire/Road Interaction in Motorcycle Applications

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