A bubble detection system for propellant filling pipeline

Wen, Wen; Zong, Guanghua; Bi, Shusheng

doi:10.1063/1.4881538

Cited by 4 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…However, most current ultrasonic detection techniques are based on conventional bulk PZT ultrasonic transducers 16,17 , which are not suitable for applications in small pipes (e.g., diameters ≤ 10 mm) 18,19 , either for in situ, real-time or long-term monitoring, because of their shortcomings of large volume, high power consumption and difficulty in integration with ICs [20][21][22] . In situ, real-time and long-term fluid bubble monitoring in small pipes is extremely important in engineering situations that have tight physical spaces and require the precise and continuous monitoring of air bubbles, such as ECBC, ECMO and dialysis machines in clinical medicine or hydraulic systems in aircraft [4][5][6][7] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive fluid bubble detection based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

Yuan

et al. 2023

Microsyst Nanoeng

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Ultrasonic fluid bubble detection is important in industrial controls, aerospace systems and clinical medicine because it can prevent fatal mechanical failures and threats to life. However, current ultrasonic technologies for bubble detection are based on conventional bulk PZT-based transducers, which suffer from large size, high power consumption and poor integration with ICs and thus are unable to implement real-time and long-term monitoring in tight physical spaces, such as in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) systems and dialysis machines or hydraulic systems in aircraft. This work highlights the prospect of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) in the aforementioned application situations based on the mechanism of received voltage variation caused by bubble-induced acoustic energy attenuation. The corresponding theories are established and well validated using finite element simulations. The fluid bubbles inside a pipe with a diameter as small as 8 mm are successfully measured using our fabricated CMUT chips with a resonant frequency of 1.1 MHz. The received voltage variation increases significantly with increasing bubble radii in the range of 0.5–2.5 mm. Further studies show that other factors, such as bubble positions, flow velocities, fluid medium types, pipe thicknesses and diameters, have negligible effects on fluid bubble measurement, demonstrating the feasibility and robustness of the CMUT-based ultrasonic bubble detection technique.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive fluid bubble detection based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

Yuan

et al. 2023

Microsyst Nanoeng

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“…1 引言液体中气泡在生物应用、渔业科学、工业选矿、纸浆生产及声空化等工程和环境应用中至关重要. 如在深水盆地和大陆边缘等地质环境中进行水下甲烷气体泄露监测 [1,2] , 工业选矿中利用气泡大小分布监测浮选过程 [3,4] , 复合材料 [5,6] 或推进剂 [7] 生产中对气泡是否混入及气泡含量进行监测以提高质量; 造纸工序中 O 2 泡大小分布是决定纸浆脱木素环节是否顺利进行 [8] 的关键. 气泡表征常用方法有光学和声学两类.…”

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Size quantification of non-spherical bubbles by ultrasound

Ya-Jing¹,

Fan²,

Lei³

et al. 2023

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Ultrasonic detection is an effective method to quantify bubbles in opaque liquid, and acoustic scattering model is the key in ultrasonic inversion technique. Classical scattering models are usually based on the spherical assumption and ka is much less than 1. However, these conditions are not always satisfied in practical applications. In this study, a quantitative strategy of ultrasonic inversion is proposed for non-spherical bubbles and ka deviation assumption. A series solution model for a spherical gas bubble is established without considering the ka constraint, and it was compared with the classical Medwin (ka<<1) and Anderson (ka≈1) models. The difference in their scattering cross sections σbs is only at the higher order formants of scattering and so the fitted line can be used to solve the multi-valued problem between σbs and ka. For a non-spherical bubble, σbs is determined by the frequency domain backscattering signal and size is characterized by the equivalent radius a*and the inversion is performed by fitted curve from series solution model. Ultrasonic quantitative results were examined by high-speed photography. Results show that bubble rises in a zigzag pattern and non-spherical bubbles, their scattering cross sections are measured by the frequency domain scattering signal obtained at a position of ultrasonic measurement and the equivalent radius is inverted by the series solution fitting curve. The deviation between the results and the actual results r0 is about 1mm(relative error less than 45%) when 9≤kr0≤35. This method can be used for acoustic inversion of non-spherical bubbles in a certain range of measurement accuracy.

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Axially-distributed bubble-bubble interaction under a coustic excitation in pipeline

Yong

Feng

et al. 2020

Acta Phys. Sin.

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Acoustically-excited bubble dynamics is the foundation of pipeline bubble detection based on acoustic technology. Due to the existence of multiple bubbles in pipeline flow, the Bjerknes forces among arbitrary bubbles under acoustic excitation may enforce bubble-bubble interaction and then change the features of bubble dynamics. Based on traditional free bubble’s Rayleigh-Plesset (R-P) model, this paper tries to establish bubble-bubble interaction model in consideration of the second Bjerknes force and bubble distribution in the pipeline axial direction. Meanwhile, the influence of finite wave speed in compressible fluid is considered. The proposed model is numerically calculated by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. Firstly, the differences in bubble feature between the free bubble’s R-P model and bubble-bubble interaction model are compared under excitation with different frequencies and amplitudes. Results show that the differences in bubble dynamics are minor when the bubble’s distance is large enough. When the bubble’s distance is fixed, the differences are significant on condition that the frequency of acoustic excitation is nearly the resonant frequency of bubbles. Secondly, through establishing compressible model and incompressible fluid model, we compare the differences between the two models. Numerical calculations show that the second Bjerknes force under the compressible assumption acts as an external force and forces the bubble to vibrate. On the other hand, the second Bjerknes force under the incompressible assumption changes the dynamics of bubble-bubble interaction as well as the resonant features. Finally, we study the effect of bubble-bubble distance and bubble’s axial position on bubble vibration characteristics. The bubble-bubble distance affects the second Bjerknes force and may lead the bubbles to vibrate nonlinearly. The bubble’s axial position changes the phase of external acoustic force and leads to the difference in initial vibration feature. When this difference is coupled with the second Bjerknes force, the bubble-bubble interaction may be changed even into nonlinear vibration, leading the bubble’s oscillation spectrum to differ from linear vibrations significantly. These results demonstrate that the resonant state of a small bubble may be converted into nonlinear vibration state if the second Bjerknes force is present. On the other hand, the resonant state of a large bubble can keep linear vibration when the second Bjerknes force is not obvious.

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A bubble detection system for propellant filling pipeline

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Noninvasive fluid bubble detection based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

Noninvasive fluid bubble detection based on capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers

Size quantification of non-spherical bubbles by ultrasound

Axially-distributed bubble-bubble interaction under a coustic excitation in pipeline

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