Organic
cocrystals obtained from multicomponent self-assembly have
garnered considerable attention due to their distinct phosphorescence
properties and broad applications. Yet, there have been limited reports
on cocrystal systems that showcase efficient deep-red to near-infrared
(NIR) charge-transfer (CT) phosphorescence. Furthermore, effective
strategies to modulate the emission pathways of both fluorescence
and phosphorescence remain underexplored. In this work, we dedicated
our work to four distinct self-assembled cocrystals called “pyrene
box” cages using 1,3,6,8-pyrenetetrasulfonate anions (PTS
4–
), 4-iodoaniline (1), guanidinium (G
+
),
diaminoguanidinium (A
2
G
+
), and hydrated K
+
countercations. The binding of such cations to PTS
4– platforms adaptively
modulates their supramolecular stacking self-assembly with guest molecules 1, allowing to steer the fluorescence and phosphorescence
pathways. Notably, the confinement of guest molecule 1 within “pyrene box” PTSK{1} and PTSG{1} cages leads to an efficient deep-red to NIR CT phosphorescence
emission. The addition of fuming gases like triethylamine and HCl
allows reversible pH modulations of guest binding, which in turn induce
a reversible transition of the “pyrene box” cage between
fluorescence and phosphorescence states. This capability was further
illustrated through a proof-of-concept demonstration in shrimp freshness
detection. Our findings not only lay a foundation for future supramolecular
designs leveraging weak intermolecular host–guest interactions
to engineer excited states in interacting chromophores but also broaden
the prospective applications of room-temperature phosphorescence materials
in food safety detection.