A Call for FDA Regulation of Human Milk Sharing

Eisenhauer, Lauren

doi:10.1177/0890334415625152

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…It remains important that the concerns expressed by mothers about purchasing and selling HM may not necessarily be the same as those expressed by public health officials and academics, who often express concern about the potential for disease transmission (Eisenhauer, ). When they questioned the motivations of mothers selling their HM, mothers in this study were most concerned that mothers selling their HM might not be providing it to their own infant.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States

O’Sullivan

Geraghty

Rasmussen

2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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There are limited data available about the prevalence of human milk (HM) sharing and selling in the general population. We aimed to describe attitudes toward HM selling among participants in a qualitative‐interview study and prevalence of HM sharing and selling among a national sample of U.S. mothers. Mothers (n = 41) in our qualitative‐interview study felt that sharing or donating HM was more common than selling; none had ever purchased or sold HM. Three themes related to HM selling emerged from this work: questioning the motives of those selling HM, HM selling limits access to HM to those with money, and HM selling is a legitimate way to make money. Some mothers had reservations about treating HM as a commodity and the intentions of those who profit from the sale of HM. Nearly all participants in our national survey of U.S. mothers (94%, n = 429) had heard of infants consuming another mother's HM. Approximately 12% had provided their milk to another; half provided it to someone they knew. Fewer mothers (6.8%) reported that their infant had consumed another mother's HM; most received this HM from someone they knew. A smaller proportion of respondents (1.3%) had ever purchased or sold HM. Among a national sample of U.S. mothers, purchasing and selling HM was less common than freely sharing HM. Together, these data highlight that HM sharing is not uncommon in the United States. Research is required to create guidelines for families considering HM sharing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States

O’Sullivan

Geraghty

Rasmussen

2018

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Section: Online Trade Of Breast Milkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, there are cultural structures that disrespect the provision of milk to other people's infants through informal networks of mothers (Carter et al, 2015; Shaw, 2004). Some health professionals believe that this kind of informal and unregulated human milk trade should be totally or partially banned to prevent any potential risks (Eidelman, 2015; Eisenhauer, 2016; Steele, Martyn, & Foell, 2015). Regardless of what some health professionals believe, however, informal and unregulated human milk trade is already widespread in some regions of the world, and research should be conducted and information should be disseminated to mitigate the possible risks of sharing breast milk (Gribble & Hausman, 2012; Palmquist et al, 2019).…”

Section: Abuse Of Breast Milk As Valuable Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary biological perspectives on current social issues of breastfeeding and weaning

Tsutaya

Mizushima

2023

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

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Breastfeeding and weaning are actively studied from evolutionary, medical, and social research perspectives because of their close association with infant mortality, lifetime health, and human population dynamics. Each discipline benefits from an interdisciplinary exchange of knowledge regarding the bases, processes, and consequences of these phenomena. However, current social issues related to breastfeeding and weaning have received little attention from an evolutionary biology perspective. We address this gap by reviewing current social issues related to human breastfeeding and weaning in an evolutionary framework. This approach helps build a conceptual framework with the goal of better understanding ultimate causes of or influences on these current social issues. The six social issues reviewed here fall into three categories: the spatiotemporal constraints of breastfeeding, abuse of breast milk as valuable material, and mismatch in breastfeeding practices. Some of these issues have an evolutionary basis. We analyze the structure of these social issues and discuss their possible solutions in terms of extension of the trade‐off theory in evolutionary biology. Our discussion on the current social issues in breastfeeding and weaning highlights the effectiveness of an approach rooted in evolutionary theory and biological anthropology.

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A Call for FDA Regulation of Human Milk Sharing

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States

Awareness and prevalence of human milk sharing and selling in the United States

Evolutionary biological perspectives on current social issues of breastfeeding and weaning

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