“…From Table 1, it can be inferred that many things have hindered the implementation of distance learning. There is no shortage of studies that have alluded to one of these challenges of online education during the pandemic, such as low internet bandwidth resulting in frequent interruptions of audiovisual communication (Agung et al, 2020;Octaberlina & Muslimin, 2020), simple lack of internet access due to the school or students' disadvantaged area (Chirinda et al, 2021;Mukherjee et al, 2021), lack of student discipline (Kholili, 2021;Syahdan & Ali, 2022), lack of social interaction (Adnan & Anwar, 2020;Irawan et al, 2020), teachers' and lecturers' inconsistent adaptability with the offline-to-online learning style (Putri et al, 2020;, and many more. Previous studies have frequently emphasized how facilities and infrastructure uneven distribution is not the only obstacle in the process of implementing this online learning policy, but there are also obstacles and limitations stemming from the teaching staff who may not have the ability and accessibility to operate and use cellphones or laptops (Mulyati et al, 2021) or have difficulty in leveraging the available online resources to creatively address the numerous problems of online learning (Khairuddin, 2020).…”