A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants

Wang, Yunjing; Gong, Qian; Wu, Yuyao; Fan, Huimin; Ismayil, Asigul; Zhang, Danfeng; Li, Huangai; Gu, Hanqing; Ludman, Márta; Fátyol, Károly; Qi, Yijun; Yoshioka, Keiko; Hanley‐Bowdoin, Linda; Hong, Yiguo; Liu, Yule

doi:10.1016/j.chom.2021.07.003

Cited by 74 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…2). Among them, V2 of CLCu-MuV may also target calmodulin (CaM) to suppress anti-RNAi defense (Wang et al 2021). In addition, V2 of TYLCV binds to SGS3 and suppresses RNA silencing locally (Glick et al 2008).…”

Section: Meddling With the Amplification Of Antiviral Rna Silencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral suppressors from members of the family Closteroviridae combating antiviral RNA silencing: a tale of a sophisticated arms race in host-pathogen interactions

et al. 2021

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RNA silencing is an evolutionarily homology-based gene inactivation mechanism and plays critical roles in plant immune responses to acute or chronic virus infections, which often pose serious threats to agricultural productions. Plant antiviral immunity is triggered by virus-derived small interfering RNAs (vsiRNAs) and functions to suppress virus further replication via a sequence-specific degradation manner. Through plant-virus arms races, many viruses have evolved specific protein(s), known as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs), to combat plant antiviral responses. Numerous reports have shown that VSRs can efficiently curb plant antiviral defense response via interaction with specific component(s) involved in the plant RNA silencing machinery. Members in the family Closteroviridae (closterovirids) are also known to encode VSRs to ensure their infections in plants. In this review, we will focus on the plant antiviral RNA silencing strategies, and the most recent developments on the multifunctional VSRs encoded by closterovirids. Additionally, we will highlight the molecular characters of phylogenetically-associated closterovirids, the interactions of these viruses with their host plants and transmission vectors, and epidemiology.

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Section: Meddling With the Amplification Of Antiviral Rna Silencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viral suppressors from members of the family Closteroviridae combating antiviral RNA silencing: a tale of a sophisticated arms race in host-pathogen interactions

et al. 2021

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“…Interestingly, AtSR1/CAMTA3 is required for defense gene induction in response to eATP treatment. A recent report demonstrated that CaM-AtSR1 interaction regulates RNAi-mediated immune response against viral infection, where CaM3- and CaM6-bound AtSR1 positively regulate the RNAi system ( Wang Y. et al, 2021 ). AtSR1 interacts with the promoter of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 6 ( RDR6 ) and bifunctional nuclease-2 ( BN2 ) to induce the transcriptional expression of RDR6 and BN2, respectively.…”

Section: Atsr1/camta3 Is a Central Signaling Component In Plant Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcium/Calmodulin-Mediated Defense Signaling: What Is Looming on the Horizon for AtSR1/CAMTA3-Mediated Signaling in Plant Immunity

2022

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Calcium (Ca2+) signaling in plant cells is an essential and early event during plant-microbe interactions. The recognition of microbe-derived molecules activates Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ pumps that trigger a transient increase in Ca2+ in the cytoplasm. The Ca2+ binding proteins (such as CBL, CPK, CaM, and CML), known as Ca2+ sensors, relay the Ca2+ signal into down-stream signaling events, e.g., activating transcription factors in the nucleus. For example, CaM and CML decode the Ca2+ signals to the CaM/CML-binding protein, especially CaM-binding transcription factors (AtSRs/CAMTAs), to induce the expressions of immune-related genes. In this review, we discuss the recent breakthroughs in down-stream Ca2+ signaling as a dynamic process, subjected to continuous variation and gradual change. AtSR1/CAMTA3 is a CaM-mediated transcription factor that represses plant immunity in non-stressful environments. Stress-triggered Ca2+ spikes impact the Ca2+-CaM-AtSR1 complex to control plant immune response. We also discuss other regulatory mechanisms in which Ca2+ signaling activates CPKs and MAPKs cascades followed by regulating the function of AtSR1 by changing its stability, phosphorylation status, and subcellular localization during plant defense.

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“…To our knowledge, no equivalent data are available for the transmission of circulative viruses. However, it was reported that vector-induced early calcium elevations could trigger antiviral plant defences [ 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Viruses Can Alter Aphid-Triggered Calcium Elevations in Infected Leaves

Then

Bellegarde

Schivre

et al. 2021

Cells

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Alighting aphids probe a new host plant by intracellular test punctures for suitability. These induce immediate calcium signals that emanate from the punctured sites and might be the first step in plant recognition of aphid feeding and the subsequent elicitation of plant defence responses. Calcium is also involved in the transmission of non-persistent plant viruses that are acquired by aphids during test punctures. Therefore, we wanted to determine whether viral infection alters calcium signalling. For this, calcium signals triggered by aphids were imaged on transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing the cytosolic FRET-based calcium reporter YC3.6-NES and infected with the non-persistent viruses cauliflower mosaic (CaMV) and turnip mosaic (TuMV), or the persistent virus, turnip yellows (TuYV). Aphids were placed on infected leaves and calcium elevations were recorded by time-lapse fluorescence microscopy. Calcium signal velocities were significantly slower in plants infected with CaMV or TuMV and signal areas were smaller in CaMV-infected plants. Transmission tests using CaMV-infected Arabidopsis mutants impaired in pathogen perception or in the generation of calcium signals revealed no differences in transmission efficiency. A transcriptomic meta-analysis indicated significant changes in expression of receptor-like kinases in the BAK1 pathway as well as of calcium channels in CaMV- and TuMV-infected plants. Taken together, infection with CaMV and TuMV, but not with TuYV, impacts aphid-induced calcium signalling. This suggests that viruses can modify plant responses to aphids from the very first vector/host contact.

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A calmodulin-binding transcription factor links calcium signaling to antiviral RNAi defense in plants

Cited by 74 publications

References 69 publications

Viral suppressors from members of the family Closteroviridae combating antiviral RNA silencing: a tale of a sophisticated arms race in host-pathogen interactions

Viral suppressors from members of the family Closteroviridae combating antiviral RNA silencing: a tale of a sophisticated arms race in host-pathogen interactions

Calcium/Calmodulin-Mediated Defense Signaling: What Is Looming on the Horizon for AtSR1/CAMTA3-Mediated Signaling in Plant Immunity

Plant Viruses Can Alter Aphid-Triggered Calcium Elevations in Infected Leaves

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