A carbon-14 tracer study of the relative fractions of various fuel carbons in soot

Homan, H.S.; Robbins, Winston K.

doi:10.1016/0010-2180(86)90119-7

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Large gas-phase species are precursors to soot particulates. Therefore, this result is very consistent with numerous experimental observations, for instance the work of Homan et al [22] , who showed that ring-forming carbons have a much higher probability to end up in soot in rich combustion.…”

Section: Atom Tracking In Multi-component Mixturessupporting

confidence: 91%

“…deuterium ( 2 H), carbon-13 ( 13 C), or carbon-14 ( 14 C) while searching for and quantifying the amount of these isotopes in products, thus allowing one to deduce what kinetic pathways are activated during reaction. Homan et al [22] , for instance, labeled carbon atoms in molecules typical of those found in modern fuels, and observed that while all carbon atoms contributed to soot regardless of the fuel, some contributed distinctively more than others. For example, primary carbons showed close to no preferential distribution in the products, while phenyl or naphthyl carbons had a much higher probability to end up in soot.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A novel atom tracking algorithm for the analysis of complex chemical kinetic networks

Laurent

Frewin

Pepiot

2016

Combustion and Flame

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Section: Atom Tracking In Multi-component Mixturessupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A novel atom tracking algorithm for the analysis of complex chemical kinetic networks

Laurent

Frewin

Pepiot

2016

Combustion and Flame

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“…3 shows a schematic representation of the laminar tube reactor facility used in this research, which has been described in previous work [7]. This setup consisted of a feed system for metering the introduction of fuel, air and nitrogen (components 1-7), a high temperature reactor (components 8,9), and a means of collecting and analysing effluent gasses (components [10][11][12][13][14]. Liquid fuels were fed into the tube reactor system at a controlled rate by means of a mechanical syringe pump, passing the fuel through a stainless steel capillary into a heated vaporiser.…”

Section: Particulate Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The majority of studies in the literature that track a labelled component in fuel or oil to combustion products, generally utilise the radioactive isotope carbon-14 ( 14 C) [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17]. Ferguson in 1957, used 13 C labelled propane at high levels of enrichment to track the formation of soot from specific carbon atoms in propane [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An investigation into the conversion of specific carbon atoms in oleic acid and methyl oleate to particulate matter in a diesel engine and tube reactor

Eveleigh

Ladommatos

Hellier

et al. 2015

Fuel

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h i g h l i g h t sThe 13 C isotope has been used to trace specific carbon atoms during combustion. Two molecules were investigated, the biofuels oleic acid and methyl oleate. The double bonded C in oleic acid forms particulate at about the same rate as the average carbon atom. The carbonyl carbon in methyl oleate and oleic acid does not convert to particulate. a b s t r a c tThe paper is concerned with particulate formation from the fuels oleic acid and methyl oleate. In particular the paper reports, quantitatively, the propensity of individual carbon atoms in these two molecules in being converted to particulate. The conversion of individual carbon atoms to particulate was traced by 'labelling' individual carbon atoms in those two fuel molecules with isotopic carbon-13 ( 13 C) and then measuring how many of the labelled atoms was found in the particulate. This allowed the measuring of the conversion rates of individual fuel carbon atoms to particulate. In the case of oleic acid, three carbon atoms were selected as being particularly relevant to particulate formation, and 13 C labelled. One of the carbon atoms was double bonded to the oxygen atom on the carboxylic acid group; and the other two were part of the oleic acid molecule alkyl chain and double bonded to each other. In the case of the methyl oleate, one carbon atom was 13 C labelled. This was the carbon atom that was double bonded to one of the oxygen atoms of the ester group. Experimental results are presented for particulate matter (PM) formed in a laminar flow tube reactor, and also in a direct injection compression ignition engine. The tube reactor has been used for the pyrolysis of oleic acid and methyl oleate at 1300°C, under oxygen-free conditions and at air-fuel equivalence ratios (k) of 0.1, and 0.2. Samples of PM were also collected from the compression ignition engine at an intermediate engine load. Isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) has been used to determine the relative abundance of 13 C in the initial fuel and in the resulting PM. Significant differences in the relative conversion rates of individual carbon atoms are reported; a negligible contribution to PM from the carbon atom directly bonded to two oxygen atoms was found in both the engine and reactor. The labelling technique used in this paper requires low quantities of 13 C labelled molecules to enrich otherwise unlabelled oleic acid; enrichment is at volumetric concentrations typically less than 0.7% (v/v). In addition, emissions data from the engine and tube reactor, including unburned hydrocarbons, CO, CO 2 , NO x , and PM size and number distributions measured by differential mobility spectrometer, are also presented.

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“…There has been a significant amount of interest in Diesel engines, and 14C-radiolabelled experiments have been used to study the relative contributions of parent and alkyl-PAC to diesel exhaust emissions [6][7]. Soot formation by labeled components in Diesel fuel have been examined using decay counting methods [8,9].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Using biofuel tracers to study alternative combustion regimes

Mack

Flowers

Buchholz

et al. 2007

Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B:

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A carbon-14 tracer study of the relative fractions of various fuel carbons in soot

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

A novel atom tracking algorithm for the analysis of complex chemical kinetic networks

A novel atom tracking algorithm for the analysis of complex chemical kinetic networks

An investigation into the conversion of specific carbon atoms in oleic acid and methyl oleate to particulate matter in a diesel engine and tube reactor

Using biofuel tracers to study alternative combustion regimes

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