A carbon-quantum-dot-hybridized NiO<sub><i>x</i></sub> hole-transport layer enables efficient and stable planar p–i–n perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Xia, Xuefeng; Zhang, Dan; Xiao, Zhili; Li, Fan

doi:10.1039/d1tc02595c

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…The hydrophilic groups on the NiO and CQDs formed strong bonds to form a cohesive HTL layer that mitigated heavy metals from diffusing from the ITO and water infiltration from the atmosphere. The increased stability was indicated by a PCE retention above 70% with CQDs compared to 0% retention for pristine NiO after 196 h. Similar benefits of CQDs doping were reported by Xia et al 175 The CQDs-doped NiO HTL exhibited better energy alignment with the perovskite and improved the crystallization of the perovskite to form large crystals with fewer interfacial defects. The ability of CQDs to passivate trap sites, improve perovskite crystallization, regulate energy level offsets, absorb UV irradiation, and mitigate moisture infiltration is crucial in elongating the lifespan of PSCs, enabling their adoption into the commercial market.…”

Section: Counter Electrodesupporting

confidence: 78%

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Kim

Dash

Kumar

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Interest in carbon quantum dots (CQDs) has recently boomed due to their potential to enhance the performance of various solar technologies as nontoxic, naturally abundant, and cleanly produced nanomaterials. CQDs and their other variations, such as nitrogen-doped carbon quantum dots (NCQDs) and graphene quantum dots (GQDs), have improved the performance of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) and photovoltaic (PV) cells due to their excellent optical properties. As fluorophores in LSCs, CQDs are mostly transparent to visible light and have absorption/re-emission spectra that can be easily controlled. The outstanding optical properties of CQDs make them promising materials to replace expensive, heavy-metal-based fluorophores. Various CQDs have also been used as or doped into the photoanode, counter electrode, hole transport layer (HTL), and electron transport layer (ETL) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), organic solar cells (OSC), perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and other PV cell configurations. The addition of CQDs into the various solar cell components has reduced electron recombination, increased charge density, and boosted electron mobility, improving the performance of the PV cells. Enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of photovoltaic devices is essential in propagating green energy technology. Thus, CQDs offer an affordable, safe, and environmentally friendly method to advance photovoltaic performance.

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Section: Counter Electrodesupporting

confidence: 78%

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Kim

Dash

Kumar

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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“…Finally, the PCE was increased to 17.02% with a suppressed hysteresis, and the optimized devices had a good atmospheric stability without encapsulation (Figure a–c). In 2021, Xia et al prepared an effective carbon-quantum-dot-hybridized NiO x (CQD-hybridized NiO x ) HTL . The electrical properties of NiO x HTLs could be efficiently improved by using CQDs with rich surface polar groups, thus reducing the ohmic loss and energy-level offset at the NiO x /perovskite interface.…”

Section: Progress On Defect Passivation At the Nio X /Perovskite Inte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Progress On Defect Passivation At the Nio X /Perovskite Inte...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Defect Passivation for NiO_x-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Zhu

Guan

Wang

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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In recent years, organic−inorganic hybrid perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted extensive attention due to their high power conversion efficiency (PCE) and simple preparation process. The selection and optimization of the hole transport layer (HTL) are very important for device performance. Compared to other HTLs, nickel oxide (NiO x ) has been widely used in PSCs due to its good chemical stability, high hole mobility, and simple preparation method. This review begins with the application of NiO x HTL in planar PSCs and systematically introduces the influence of the structure and photoelectrical properties of devices by doping and surface modification. The effects of NiO x modification on the power conversion efficiency (PCE), filling factor (FF), open-circuit voltage (V oc ), short-circuit current (J sc ), and stability of PSCs are reviewed in detail from the perspectives of energy-level matching, hole mobility, and crystallinity. Finally, the future of NiO x -based planar PSCs is discussed.

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“…In PSCs, the photogenerated carrier recombination inside the active layer is barely negligible compared to that at the interfaces. The defect concentration between the ETL and the active layer is about 100 times higher than that inside, which contains an abundance of deep energy level defects, which severely undermine the device performance …”

Section: Application Of Cds In Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The defect concentration between the ETL and the active layer is about 100 times higher than that inside, which contains an abundance of deep energy level defects, which severely undermine the device performance. 163 In addition to ETL/HTL doping, CDs can improve device performance by serving as an interfacial modification layer of PSCs. CDs with different functional groups positively affect the passivation of surface defects but also regulate the work function of different interfaces, thereby improving the performance of PSCs.…”

Section: Interface Modification Layermentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dots in Perovskite Solar Cells: Properties, Applications, and Perspectives

Yan

Ding

et al. 2022

Energy Fuels

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Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have attracted substantial research interest owing to their flexible fabrication, high efficiency, and low cost. Currently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has reached 25.7%, meeting the requirements for commercialization. In recent years, as a novel type of carbon nanomaterial, carbon dots (CDs) with abundant and tunable surface functional groups have shown great potential in regulating the efficiency and stability of PSCs because of their tunable photovoltaic properties, high photochemical stability, and energy down-shift properties. These CDs not only modify the interface of PSCs to control their energy level structure but also induce the growth of perovskite crystals to improve crystal quality, ultimately improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs. This review systematically summarizes the photoelectric properties of CDs and their application progress in PSCs as an active layer dopant, electron transport layer, hole transport layer, interface modification layer, and energy down-shift material after briefly introducing the structures and types of PSCs. Finally, the existing problems and challenges of CDs applied in PSCs are pointed out; specific solutions are proposed; and the future development prospects are presented.

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A carbon-quantum-dot-hybridized NiO_x hole-transport layer enables efficient and stable planar p–i–n perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Abstract: In recent years, the nickel oxide (NiOx)-based planar p-i-n perovskite solar cell (PSC) has progressed rapidly. Nevertheless, poor electrical properties of NiOx, unoptimized band alignment between NiOx and perovskites, as...

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Review of Defect Passivation for NiO_x-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Carbon Dots in Perovskite Solar Cells: Properties, Applications, and Perspectives

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A carbon-quantum-dot-hybridized NiOx hole-transport layer enables efficient and stable planar p–i–n perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Abstract: In recent years, the nickel oxide (NiOx)-based planar p-i-n perovskite solar cell (PSC) has progressed rapidly. Nevertheless, poor electrical properties of NiOx, unoptimized band alignment between NiOx and perovskites, as...

Cited by 9 publications

References 60 publications

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Carbon-Based Quantum Dots for Photovoltaic Devices: A Review

Review of Defect Passivation for NiOx-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells

Carbon Dots in Perovskite Solar Cells: Properties, Applications, and Perspectives

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A carbon-quantum-dot-hybridized NiO_x hole-transport layer enables efficient and stable planar p–i–n perovskite solar cells with high open-circuit voltage

Review of Defect Passivation for NiO_x-Based Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells