A carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 from Paulownia tomentosa determines visual and aroma signals in flowers

Morote, Lucía; Rubio-Moraga, Ángela; López-Jiménez, Alberto José; Argandoña, Javier; Niza, Enrique; Ahrazem, Oussama; Gómez-Gómez, Lourdes

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111609

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…All solvents used were HPLC‐MS grade (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany). For GC‐MS analyses, once the cells were induced, a total of 20 ml were transferred to special vials for volatile collection as previously described (Morote et al., 2023).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside this subfamily, other CCD4 enzymes with a plastoglobuli localization are involved in the generation of aroma volatiles (Morote et al, 2023;Rubio et al, 2008;Wang et al, 2020), catalyzing the cleavage of 9,10;9 0 ,10 0 double bonds. However, these enzymes are also responsible for the degradation of carotenoids in different tissues and the loss of coloration of fruits and flowers (Awasthi et al, 2022;Brandi et al, 2011;Bruno et al, 2015;Gonzalez-Jorge et al, 2013;Morote et al, 2023;Ohmiya et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2015Zhang et al, , 2023. Carotenoids, in particular b-carotene, can be sequentially cleaved by the activities of plastidic CCD7 (at positions 9,10 or 9 0 ,10 0 ) and CCD8 (at positions 13,14), resulting in carlactone as the precursor to strigolactone (Alder et al, 2008(Alder et al, , 2012.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other enzymes in this subfamily only recognize the 7,8 or 7′,8′ position, leading to the formation of β‐citraurin (Ma et al., 2013; Rodrigo et al., 2013). Inside this subfamily, other CCD4 enzymes with a plastoglobuli localization are involved in the generation of aroma volatiles (Morote et al., 2023; Rubio et al., 2008; Wang et al., 2020), catalyzing the cleavage of 9,10;9′,10′ double bonds. However, these enzymes are also responsible for the degradation of carotenoids in different tissues and the loss of coloration of fruits and flowers (Awasthi et al., 2022; Brandi et al., 2011; Bruno et al., 2015; Gonzalez‐Jorge et al., 2013; Morote et al., 2023; Ohmiya et al., 2006; Zhang et al., 2015, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin

Morote,

Rubio‐Moraga,

López Jiménez

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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SUMMARYCrocins are glucosylated apocarotenoids present in flowers and fruits of a few plant species, including saffron, gardenia, and Buddleja. The biosynthesis of crocins in these plants has been unraveled, and the enzymes engineered for the production of crocins in heterologous systems. Mullein (Verbascum sp.) has been identified as a new source of crocins and picrocrocin. In this work, we have identified eight enzymes involved in the cleavage of carotenoids in two Verbascum species, V. giganteum and V. sinuatum. Four of them were homologous to the previously identified BdCCD4.1 and BdCCD4.3 from Buddleja, involved in the biosynthesis of crocins. These enzymes were analyzed for apocarotenogenic activity in bacteria and Nicotiana benthamiana plants using a virus‐driven system. Metabolic analyses of bacterial extracts and N. benthamiana leaves showed the efficient activity of these enzymes to produce crocins using β‐carotene and zeaxanthin as substrates. Accumulations of 0.17% of crocins in N. benthamiana dry leaves were reached in only 2 weeks using a recombinant virus expressing VgCCD4.1, similar to the amounts previously produced using the canonical saffron CsCCD2L. The identification of these enzymes, which display a particularly broad substrate spectrum, opens new avenues for apocarotenoid biotechnological production.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin

Morote,

Rubio‐Moraga,

López Jiménez

et al. 2023

The Plant Journal

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“…Among ornamental plants, the colour of the petals is an important feature. Studies have shown that colour characteristics are an important factor in the interaction between plants and their powder [7,8]. The potential factors affecting the colour of plants include hydrogen, metal ions, pigment ingredients, and petal structure [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UPLC–MS/MS and Gene Expression Research to Distinguish the Colour Differences of Rhododendron liliiflorum H. Lév

Dai,

Wang,

Meng

et al. 2023

Horticulturae

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Among ornamental plants, the colour of the petals is an important feature. However, the reason for the colour differences of Rhododendron liliiflorum remains unclear. To reveal the differences in the colour of R. liliiflorum, high-efficiency liquid chromatographic collar (UPLC–MS/MS) technology was used to study the yellow and white parts of R. liliiflorum. A total of 1187 metabolites were identified in R. liliiflorum petals, including 339 flavonoid metabolites. Seventy-eight types of flavonoids in these metabolites were found in the yellow and white parts of R. liliiflorum petals, along with 11 other significantly enriched substances. Combining gene expression-related data with differential metabolite data demonstrated effects of enrichment in the flavanonols (fustin), flavonols (epiafzelechin and afzelechin), and flavanones (pinocembrin) of flavonoid biosynthesis; glyccitin, 6″-O-malonylgenistin, and 6-hydroxydaidzein of isoflavonoid biosynthesis; and anthocyanin biosynthesis of malvidin-3-O-galactoside (primulin), delphinidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3-O-glucoside (kuromanin), and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside (keracyanin), which are potentially the contributing factors responsible for the differences in petal colour in R. liliiflorum. This study establishes a connection between the differential metabolites underlying the color differences in the petals of R. liliiflorum and the gene expression in R. liliiflorum. This will provide a foundation for subsequent research on the regulation of flower color in R. liliiflorum and have profound implications for horticultural applications of R. liliiflorum.

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Carotenoids: resources, knowledge, and emerging tools to advance apocarotenoid research

Beltrán,

Wurtzel

2025

Plant Science

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A carotenoid cleavage dioxygenase 4 from Paulownia tomentosa determines visual and aroma signals in flowers

Cited by 3 publications

References 67 publications

Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin

Verbascum species as a new source of saffron apocarotenoids and molecular tools for the biotechnological production of crocins and picrocrocin

UPLC–MS/MS and Gene Expression Research to Distinguish the Colour Differences of Rhododendron liliiflorum H. Lév

Carotenoids: resources, knowledge, and emerging tools to advance apocarotenoid research

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