“…Since a variety of 1-alkenylboron compounds, including (E)-and (Z)-isomers, are now available, the alkenyl-alkenyl coupling reaction has been used for the synthesis of various biologically active natural products, including: a macrolide antibiotic, rutamycin B [313]; (5Z,8Z,10E,12R,14Z)-12-hydroxy-5,8,10,14-icosatetraenoic acid [(12R)-HETE] [314], an antiproliferative agent; (þ)-curacin A [298], an aglycone of chlorothricin; (-)-chlorothricolide [315], a member of a small family of C 15 lupinine alkaloids; (þ)-aloperine [316], restrictinols that exhibit antifungal activity [317]; marine alkaloids, (-)-lepadins A, B, and C [318]; a highly unsaturated 20-membered macrocyclic system having four carbohydrate units, apoptolidin [14]; and cytotoxic substances FR 182877 and clinic acid [319]. The synthesis of polyene natural products via metal-catalyzed protocol has recently been reviewed [320].…”