A cascading failure during the 24 May 2013 great Okhotsk deep earthquake

Yu, Chen; Wen, Lianxing; Ji, Chen

doi:10.1002/2013jb010926

Cited by 39 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Our results suggest that deep earthquakes source behavior is not strongly influenced by the temperature of the slab, in contrast to observations of b values [ Houston , ]. If, for example, shear instability [ Prieto et al ., ; Meng et al ., ; Chen et al ., ] is the sole mechanism to explain intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes, a correlation with thermal properties or plate age of the slab is expected [ Tibi et al ., ]. However, for similar plate ages, both short and long events are observed, suggesting a combination of rupture properties and mechanisms [ Zhan et al ., ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and along‐strike variations of source duration and scaling for intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes

Poli

Prieto

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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The systematic behavior of earthquake rupture as a function of earthquake magnitude and/or tectonic setting is a key in our understanding of the physical mechanisms involved during earthquake rupture. Geophysical evidence suggests that although deep earthquakes-including intermediate-depth and deep-are similar to shallow ones, the mechanism involved during deep earthquakes is different from that of shallow ones. In particular, the magnitude and depth dependence of scaled duration, a measure of earthquake rupture duration, has led to controversy of what controls deep earthquake behavior. Here we estimate scaled source durations for 600 intermediate-depth and deep-focus earthquakes recorded at teleseismic distances and show deviation from self-similar scaling. No depth dependence is observed which we interpret as due to little differences between intermediate-depth and deep-focus earthquake mechanisms. The data show no correlation between durations and plate age or thermal parameters, suggesting that the thermal properties of the plate have little effect on source durations. We nevertheless report differences in average source duration and scaling between subduction zones and along-strike variations of source durations that more closely resemble the geometry of subduction (flat or steep subduction) rather than plate age.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global and along‐strike variations of source duration and scaling for intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes

Poli

Prieto

2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…The two largest recorded deep-focus earthquakes both have seismic wave radiation consistent with shear dislocation on one or more fault planes, but exhibit dramatic differences in rupture characteristics. The 24 May 2013 (M W 8.3) Sea of Okhotsk earthquake near 609 km depth is the highest seismic moment, longest duration deep event (e.g., Ye et al, 2013;Wei et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2014;Zhan et al, 2014a). That rupture expanded rapidly over a 100+ km long zone, possibly involving several offset faults, at ∼4.0 km/s, and the static stress drop of ∼15 MPa is comparable to that for shallow intraplate events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

The isolated ∼680 km deep 30 May 2015 MW 7.9 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands earthquake

Lay

Zhan

et al. 2016

Earth and Planetary Science Letters

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The isolated ~680 km deep 30 May 2015 MW 7.9 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands earthquake Deep-focus earthquakes, located in very high-pressure conditions 300 to 700 km below the Earth's surface within sinking slabs of relatively cold oceanic lithosphere, are mysterious phenomena. The largest recorded deep-focus earthquake (M W 7.9) in the Izu-Bonin slab struck on 30 May 2015 beneath the Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands, isolated from prior seismicity by over 100 km in depth, and followed by only a few small aftershocks. Globally, this is the deepest (680 km centroid depth) event with M W ≥ 7.8 in the seismological record. Seismicity indicates along-strike contortion of the Izu-Bonin slab, with horizontal flattening near a depth of 550 km in the Izu region and rapid steepening to near-vertical toward the south above the location of the 2015 event. This event was exceptionally well-recorded by seismic stations around the world, allowing detailed constraints to be placed on the source process. Analyses of a large global data set of P, SH and pP seismic phases using short-period back-projection, subevent directivity, and broadband finite-fault inversion indicate that the mainshock ruptured a shallowly-dipping fault plane with patchy slip that spread over a distance of ∼40 km with a multi-stage expansion rate (∼5+ km/s down-dip initially, ∼3 km/s up-dip later). During the 17 s total rupture duration the radiated energy was ∼3.3 × 10 16 J and the stress drop was ∼38 MPa. The radiation efficiency is moderate (0.34), intermediate to that of the 1994 Bolivia and 2013 Sea of Okhotsk M W 8.3 deep earthquakes, indicating that source processes of very large deep earthquakes sample a wide range of behavior from dissipative, more viscous failure to very brittle failure. The isolated occurrence of the event, much deeper than the apparently thermally-bounded distribution of Bonin-slab seismicity above 600 km depth, suggests that localized stress concentration associated with the pronounced deformation of the Izu-Bonin slab and proximity to the 660-km phase transition likely played a dominant role in generating this major earthquake.

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“…The 2018 Mw 8.2 Tonga earthquake show similarities with the largest deep earthquake on record, the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake (e.g., Park & Ishii, ; Zhan et al, ). For instance, the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake also ruptured through a complex process, involving multiple subevents with different focal mechanisms (Y. Chen et al, ), propagating with a fast rupture speed (Wei et al, ) and a possible frequency‐dependent seismic radiation (Meng et al, ). Similarities between the 2018 Mw 8.2 Tonga earthquake and the 2013 Mw 8.3 Sea of Okhotsk earthquake likely reflect that both the Tonga and Kuril subduction zones are relatively cold thermal state and that the earthquake rupture processes are controlled by their local physical environments (Wiens & Gilbert, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few mechanisms have been proposed to explain deep earthquakes, including dehydration embrittlement (Raleigh & Paterson, ; Silver et al, ), transformational faulting of metastable olivine (Green II & Burnley, ; Green & Zhou, ; Kirby, ; Kirby et al, ; Wiens et al, ), and thermal shear instability (Hobbs & Ord, ; Kanamori et al, ; Ogawa, ; Wiens & Snider, ). The key to distinguish these mechanisms lies in high‐resolution seismological observations (Y. Chen et al, ; Houston et al, ; Persh & Houston, ; Poli & Prieto, ; Tibi, Bock, & Wiens, ; Warren & Silver, ; Ye et al, ; Zhan et al, ). For instance, finite source models of deep earthquakes in Tonga and South American subduction zones have demonstrated two types of distinct rupture characteristics at cold and warm slabs (e.g., Goes & Ritsema, ; Kikuchi & Kanamori, ; McGuire et al, ; Poli & Prieto, ; Tibi, Bock, & Wiens, ; Wiens & McGuire, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex and Diverse Rupture Processes of the 2018 Mw 8.2 and Mw 7.9 Tonga‐Fiji Deep Earthquakes

Fan

Wei

Tian

et al. 2019

Geophysical Research Letters

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Deep earthquakes exhibit strong variabilities in their rupture and aftershock characteristics, yet their physical failure mechanisms remain elusive. The 2018 Mw 8.2 and Mw 7.9 Tonga‐Fiji deep earthquakes, the two largest ever recorded in this subduction zone, occurred within days of each other. We investigate these events by performing waveform analysis, teleseismic P wave backprojection, and aftershock relocation. Our results show that the Mw 8.2 earthquake ruptured fast (4.1 km/s) and excited frequency‐dependent seismic radiation, whereas the Mw 7.9 earthquake ruptured slowly (2.5 km/s). Both events lasted ∼35 s. The Mw 8.2 earthquake initiated in the highly seismogenic, cold core of the slab and likely ruptured into the surrounding warmer materials, whereas the Mw 7.9 earthquake likely ruptured through a dissipative process in a previously aseismic region. The contrasts in earthquake kinematics and aftershock productivity argue for a combination of at least two primary mechanisms enabling rupture in the region.

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A cascading failure during the 24 May 2013 great Okhotsk deep earthquake

Cited by 39 publications

References 33 publications

Global and along‐strike variations of source duration and scaling for intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes

Global and along‐strike variations of source duration and scaling for intermediate‐depth and deep‐focus earthquakes

The isolated ∼680 km deep 30 May 2015 MW 7.9 Ogasawara (Bonin) Islands earthquake

Complex and Diverse Rupture Processes of the 2018 Mw 8.2 and Mw 7.9 Tonga‐Fiji Deep Earthquakes

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