A case–cohort study of lung cancer in poultry and control workers: occupational findings

Felini, Martha; Preacely, Nikiconia; Shah, Nirmit; Christopher, Anita; Sarda, Vishnu; Elfaramawi, Mohammed; Sall, Medoune; Bangara, Saritha; Gandhi, Subi; Johnson, Eric S.

doi:10.1136/oemed-2011-100310

Cited by 18 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Working in a stockyard handling cattle, pigs, sheep, or other animals appears to be associated with risk of tumors of the H& L systems. This is a consistent finding for other cancers in previous reports involving these same cohorts [8,[34][35][36]. Although this activity does not involve exposure to poultry, it does involve possible exposure to the oncogenic viruses of cattle, pigs, sheep and goats such as the bovine leukemia virus, Jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus, and papilloma viruses of these animals.…”

Section: Exposures Outside the Poultry Industrysupporting

confidence: 88%

Human Exposure to Poultry and Poultry Products and the Risk of Death from Hematopoietic & Lymphatic Cancers

Bangara

Preacely

Felini

et al. 2017

BJMMR

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Purpose:The purpose of this study was to obtain preliminary information on occupational exposures responsible for the excess of hematopoietic & lymphatic (H&L) cancers previously observed in cohort mortality studies of workers in poultry slaughtering and processing plants. Methods:A pilot case-cohort study was conducted nested within a combined cohort of 30,411 Bangara et al.; BJMMR, 22(1): 1-10, 2017; Article no.BJMMR.34034 2 poultry workers and 16,408 controls, identified from several United Food & Commercial Workers (UFCW) unions across the United States. Interviewed cases were 48 deaths out of a total of 130 deaths (37%) from H & L tumors that occurred in the cohort between 1990-2003. Controls were N=152 subjects that were successfully interviewed out of 1516 subjects (10%) randomly selected from all cohort members alive as of January 1, 1990. Telephone interviews were obtained directly from live control subjects or next-of-kin for deceased cases and controls. Mortality risk was assessed using logistic regression odds ratios and hazard ratios. Results: Poultry farming [OR=10.8 (95% CI: 3.0-39.1)] and spreading chicken wastes as manure [OR=5.6 (95% CI: 1.5-20.4)] were significantly associated with lymphoma; handling raw eggs in supermarkets [OR=4.3 (95% CI: 1.0-18.0)] was significantly associated with leukemia. Non-poultry exposures significantly associated with these tumors included coal by-products, selling seafood, and killing of pigs. Conclusion: This preliminary study identifies possible occupational exposures that may be associated with excess deaths from H & L tumors in poultry workers. Case-control studies of sufficient statistical power are now needed to confirm these findings and discover new ones. Short Communication

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Section: Exposures Outside the Poultry Industrysupporting

confidence: 88%

Human Exposure to Poultry and Poultry Products and the Risk of Death from Hematopoietic & Lymphatic Cancers

Bangara

Preacely

Felini

et al. 2017

BJMMR

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“…In another study, elevated risk for poultry oncogenic viruses was recorded who (1) killed chickens (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 14.7; HR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.3) and (2) had direct contact with chicken blood at work (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.8; HR 1.3, 95% CI 0.9 to 2.0). Elevated risk of lung cancer due to poultry exposure was recorded for subjects who killed chickens at work (OR 4.2, 95% CI: 1.2-14.7) and ever had direct contact with chicken blood at work (OR 1.9, 95% CI: 1.0-3.8) (Felini et al, 2012). Furthermore, studies have found that those who worked as chicken slaughterer have around nine times the odds of both pancreatic/liver cancer compared with those with no such exposure (ACS, 2016).…”

Section: Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health

Kim

Kabir²,

Jahan

2018

Journal of Environmental Sciences

385

200

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Bioaerosols consist of aerosols originated biologically such as metabolites, toxins, or fragments of microorganisms that are present ubiquitously in the environment. International interests in bioaerosols have increased rapidly to broaden the pool of knowledge on their identification, quantification, distribution, and health impacts (e.g., infectious and respiratory diseases, allergies, and cancer). However, risk assessment of bioaerosols based on conventional culture methods has been hampered further by several factors such as: (1) the complexity of microorganisms or derivatives to be investigated; (2) the purpose, techniques, and locations of sampling; and (3) the lack of valid quantitative criteria (e.g., exposure standards and dose/effect relationships). Although exposure to some microbes is considered to be beneficial for health, more research is needed to properly assess their potential health hazards including inter-individual susceptibility, interactions with non-biological agents, and many proven/unproven health effects (e.g., atopy and atopic diseases).

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“…These significant risks persisted after controlling for tobacco smoking. The association with working in a stockyard has been also confirmed in a case–cohort study of lung cancer in poultry workers (Felini et al., 2011).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 66%

“…In a most recent case–cohort study of lung cancer nested within the combined Baltimore, Missouri and Pension Fund poultry cohorts of over 30 000 poultry workers and controls (Felini et al., 2011), the main occupational risk factors identified after adjusting for tobacco smoking were for working in a stockyard (RR = 12.2); working in the deli department of supermarkets (RR = 4.1); killing chickens at work (RR = 2.5); working in a commercial poultry farm (RR = 2.2); working in the meat department of supermarkets (RR = 2.0); and working as a butcher (RR = 2.0). These findings like those from nested case–control studies in the meat industry also seem to implicate exposure to oncogenic viruses and fumes from the wrapping machine.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lung Cancer Risk in Workers in the Meat and Poultry Industries – A Review

Johnson

Choi

2012

Zoonoses and Public Health

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Laboratory and in vivo studies in primates, and serological evidence in humans, indicate that food animal oncogenic viruses show potential for causing cancer in humans. However, until fairly recently, supporting analytic epidemiologic studies have been lacking and have concentrated on lung cancer. We conducted an extensive Medline search and reviewed 60 studies investigating lung cancer risk in highly exposed workers in the meat and poultry industries. The overwhelming majority of studies of different designs (including all the cohort mortality and cancer incidence studies) indicate at least a 30% excess risk of lung cancer in meat and poultry plant workers, even after controlling for smoking. Evidence points to food animal oncogenic microorganisms as one of the main causes. This has important public health implications because the general population is also widely exposed. Studies carried out thus far have not had sufficient statistical power to investigate other potentially carcinogenic exposures within the industries. Thus, large studies that can adequately control for occupational and non-occupational confounding factors are needed, so that the possible role of food animal oncogenic viruses in the occurrence of human lung cancer can be clearly defined.

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A case–cohort study of lung cancer in poultry and control workers: occupational findings

Cited by 18 publications

References 32 publications

Human Exposure to Poultry and Poultry Products and the Risk of Death from Hematopoietic & Lymphatic Cancers

Human Exposure to Poultry and Poultry Products and the Risk of Death from Hematopoietic & Lymphatic Cancers

Airborne bioaerosols and their impact on human health

Lung Cancer Risk in Workers in the Meat and Poultry Industries – A Review

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