A case‐control study of diet and lung cancer in Northeast China

Ji, Hu; Johnson, Kenneth C.; Mao, Yang; Xu, Tan; Lin, Qiushi; Wang, Chaoxu; Zhao, Fengquin; Wang, Guixiu; Chen, Yuzhen; Yang, Yazhi

doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0215(19970611)71:6<924::aid-ijc2>3.0.co;2-#

Cited by 62 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There is inconsistent evidence that Se intake may reduce lung cancer risk (14,19,20). Our null finding is probably not due to an inadequate range of Se intake, because Se intake in our control population is comparable with national estimates (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

“…Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, and Ca are involved in reactive oxygen species metabolism (1-3, 6, 11) and are cofactors for enzymes needed for DNA stability and signal transduction pathways (1-3). Because these functions of Cu, Zn, Se, Fe, and Ca are implicated in the initiation and progression of lung cancer, we postulated that the joint In three studies of dietary Zn intake and lung cancer risk, two reported an inverse association (12,13) and one reported a positive association (14). Two studies of plasma/serum Zn and lung cancer revealed inconsistent results (15,16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Joint Effects of Dietary Trace Metals and DNA Repair Capacity in Lung Cancer Risk

Mahabir

Forman

Barerra

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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In a large case-control study, we previously reported that dietary intakes of zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu), but not selenium (Se), were inversely associated with lung cancer risk. Because Zn, Cu, Se, iron (Fe), and calcium (Ca) are important for maintaining DNA stability, we examined their associations with DNA repair capacity (DRC) measured by the lymphocyte host-cell reactivation assay in 1,139 cases and 1,210 of the controls. Dietary intake was reported in a food frequency questionnaire. In multivariate analyses, compared to those with high dietary Cu + proficient DRC, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) [OR (95% CI)] for lung cancer for low Cu + suboptimal DRC was 2.54 (1.97-3.27). Similar results were observed for men and women. These effects were more pronounced in older and lean subjects, those with late-stage disease, and those with a family history of cancer in first-degree relatives. Compared to subjects with high Zn + proficient DRC, the OR for lung cancer for low Zn + suboptimal DRC was 1.82 (95% CI, 1.41-2.34), with pronounced effects in men, current smokers, subjects with longer duration of smoking, those with late-stage disease, or those with a family history of cancer. An OR of 1.94 (95% CI, 1.51-2.48) was observed for low Fe + suboptimal DRC compared with high Fe + proficient DRC, and pronounced effects appeared in older, lean subjects, those with longer duration of smoking, are heavier smokers, those with a late-stage disease, and those with a family history of cancer. No significant joint associations were seen for Se or Ca and DRC. Our joint associations between Cu-DRC, Zn-DRC and Fe-DRC and lung cancer risk require confirmation in prospective studies. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(12):2756 -62)

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 41%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Effects of Dietary Trace Metals and DNA Repair Capacity in Lung Cancer Risk

Mahabir

Forman

Barerra

et al. 2007

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In southwest China, a study among male residents of a mining community reported a 60% reduction in risk at the highest level of bean curd intake and a statistically significant inverse trend (p Ͻ 0.01). 25 Two other studies among Chinese men and women found a non-significant reduction of 40% 26 and no association 27 with higher intake of soy products. A study in Hong Kong among Chinese non-smoking women found an elevated, but not statistically significant, risk among low (OR ϭ 1.5) and medium (OR ϭ 1.6) consumers of tofu and soy products relative to high consumers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Diet, reproductive factors and lung cancer risk among Chinese women in Singapore: Evidence for a protective effect of soy in nonsmokers

Seow

Poh

Teh

et al. 2001

Intl Journal of Cancer

107

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The factors associated with risk of lung cancer among nonsmokers have not been fully elucidated, but dietary factors have consistently been shown to play a role. Chinese women are unique in having a high incidence of lung cancer despite a low smoking prevalence. This population is also known to have a high intake of soy, a dietary source of phytoestrogens. We conducted a hospital-based case-control study among Singapore Chinese women, comprising 303 cases and 765 age-matched controls, of whom 176 cases and 663 controls were lifetime nonsmokers. Data on demographic background, reproductive factors and dietary intake of fruit, vegetables and soy foods were obtained by in-person interview. We observed an inverse association between intake of total, cruciferous and non-cruciferous vegetables and risk of lung cancer among smokers. Although smokers in the highest tertile of fruit intake also had a lower risk, this was not statistically significant. Higher intake of soy foods significantly reduced risk of lung cancer among lifetime nonsmokers, but not among smokers. When soy isoflavonoid intake in mg/week was computed based on frequency and portion size of intake of eight common local soy foods, the adjusted OR among nonsmokers for the highest tertile compared to the lowest was 0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.85 (p for trend <0.01). Fruit intake was also significantly associated with reduced lung cancer risk among nonsmokers, but the effect was not significant after adjustment for soy intake. On the other hand, soy intake remained an independent predictor of risk after controlling for fruit intake. Reproductive effects were also primarily confined to lifetime nonsmokers, among whom having 3 or more livebirths (adjusted OR 0.65, 0.44 -0.96) and a menstrual cycle length of more than 30 days (OR 0.46, 0.25-0.84) accorded a significantly reduced risk of lung cancer. Place of birth was significantly associated with risk among nonsmokers (OR 2.6, 1.7-3.9 for China-born vs. local born) but not among smokers. When analysis was restricted to nonsmokers with adenocarcinomas, the dietary effects were consistent or enhanced. On stepwise regression, soy intake and cycle length emerged as the independent dietary and reproductive predictors of lung cancer risk in nonsmokers. These findings are consistent with other evidence suggesting an involvement of estrogen-related pathways in lung cancer among non-smoking women.

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“…Several [5, 10-12, 15, 19, 21, 31-34], but not all [8,[35][36][37] case-control studies reported significant positive associations between total meat intake and lung cancer risk, while most cohort studies reported nonsignificant increased risks usually of about 20-30% [14,[38][39][40][41][42]. All but two case-control studies [43,44] of red meat intake and lung cancer reported elevated risks [12,13,15,[19][20][21]45] and three cohort studies also reported elevated risk [14,22,46].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%