A Case-Control Study of Oral Contraceptive Use and Invasive Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Abstract

The relation of oral contraceptive use to the risk of ovarian cancer was assessed with data collected during 1977-1991 from patients under 65 years of age in hospitals in Boston, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. We compared 441 women with recently diagnosed invasive epithelial ovarian cancer to 2,065 control women. Logistic regression was used to control risk factors for ovarian cancer. The multivariate relative risk estimate decreased with the increasing duration of oral contraceptive use (p < 0.05): the estimate was close to 1.0 for duration categories of less than 3 years; it was reduced for the categories of 3-4 years of use and greater, but it did not decline further as the duration of use increased. For > or = 3 years of use, the estimate was 0.6 (95% confidence interval 0.4-0.8). The inverse association of risk with > or = 3 years of use was consistently present across categories of age, parity, interview year, and geographic area. It was apparent for as long as 15-19 years after cessation. Many different specific oral contraceptive formulations appeared related to a decreased risk; however, data were sparse for the newer types, particularly phasic preparations, and the ability to assess specific preparations in the context of use of multiple preparations was limited. The present data confirm previous reports of an inverse association of ovarian cancer risk with oral contraceptive use of several years in duration. They also suggest that the association may persist for as long as two decades and that it is not confined to any particular type of oral contraceptive formulation.

Cancer risk among patients with multiple sclerosis: A population‐based register study

“…[28][29][30] Although observations are less compelling NSAIDs may also have a protective effect against certain non-gastrointestinal cancer such as cancers of the lung, 31 prostate, 32 breast 31,33,34 and ovary. 29,35 The suggested inverse association between NSAIDs usage and cancer risk is compatible with the reduced risk of cancers of the digestive, respiratory and genital organs observed in the present investigation but not with the increased risk of breast cancer. Other kinds of medications such as hormone therapy might, however, contribute to the latter observation.…”

Cancer risk in persons receiving prescriptions for paracetamol: A Danish cohort study

“…A major limitation of this study was the collection of data on medication intake only at enrollment. Most recently, Rosenberg et al 21 examined the relation between paracetamol use and ovarian cancer in a large, hospital-based case control study, comparing 780 women with epithelial ovarian cancer to 2,053 cancer controls and 2,570 noncancer controls. For paracetamol use 1 day or more per week for at least 6 months, the ORs were 0.9 (95% CI, 0.6 -1.4) and 1.0 (95% CI, 0.6 -1.5) derived with cancer and noncancer controls, respectively.…”

“…21 Paracetamol is an analgesic and antipyretic drug used for the treatment of minor noninflammatory conditions and, to a lesser extent, for more severe conditions such as chronic inflammatory arthritis and cancer. Because of the widespread use of paracetamol, any association with an increased or decreased cancer risk may have important public health implications.…”

Evidence for colorectal cancer cell specificity of aspirin effects on NFκB signalling and apoptosis

“…In breast cancer, reports show conflicting results and a recent meta-analysis revealed a risk reduction of only 13% in case -control studies (Khuder and Mutgi, 2001), considerably lesser than that in CRC. Similarly, in endometrial and ovarian cancer, the available evidence suggests that NSAIDs confer little, if any, protection (Cramer et al, 1998;Rosenberg et al, 2000;Fairfield et al, 2002;Meier et al, 2002). Collectively, published data suggest that there is considerable heterogeneity of NSAID anti-tumour effect between cancer types.…”